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民事訴訟法
THE COMPANY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
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目 錄Contents
第一編 總 則Part One General Provisions
第一章 任務(wù)、適用范圍和基本原則“CHAPTER I The Aim， Scope of Application and Basic Principles
”
第二章 管 轄CHAPTER II Jurisdiction
第一節(jié) 級別管轄Section 1 Jurisdiction by Forum Level
第二節(jié) 地域管轄Section 2 Territorial Jurisdiction
第三節(jié) 移送管轄和指定管轄Section 3 Transfer and Designation of Jurisdiction
第三章 審判組織CHAPTER III Trial Organization
第四章 回 避CHAPTER IV Withdrawal
第五章 訴訟參加人CHAPTER V Participants in Proceedings
第一節(jié) 當(dāng)事人Section 1 Parties
第二節(jié) 訴訟代理人Section 2 Agents ad Litem
第六章 證 據(jù)CHAPTER VI Evidence
第七章 期間、送達CHAPTER VII Time Periods and Service
第一節(jié) 期 間Section 1 Time Periods
第二節(jié) 送 達Section 2 Service
第八章 調(diào) 解CHAPTER VIII Conciliation
第九章 財產(chǎn)保全和先予執(zhí)行CHAPTER IX Property Preservation and Advance Execution
第十章 對妨害民事訴訟的強制措施CHAPTER X Compulsory Measures Against Obstruction of Civil
Proceedings
第十一章 訴訟費用CHAPTER XI Litigation Costs Part Two Trial Procedure
第十二章 第一審普通程序CHAPTER XII Ordinary Procedure of First Instance
第一節(jié) 起訴和受理Section 1 Bringing a Lawsuit and Entertaining a Case
第二節(jié) 審理前的準備Section 2 Preparations for Trial
第三節(jié) 開庭審理Section 3 Trial in Court
第四節(jié) 訴訟中止和終結(jié)Section 4 Suspension and Termination of Litigation
第五節(jié) 判決和裁定Section 5 Judgment and Order
第十三章 簡易程序CHAPTER XIII Summary Procedure
第十四章 第二審程序CHAPTER XIV Procedure of Second Instance
第十五章 特別程序CHAPTER XV Special Procedure
第一節(jié) 一般規(guī)定Section 1 General Provisions
第二節(jié) 選民資格案件Section 2 Cases Concerning the Qualification of Voters
第三節(jié) 宣告失蹤、宣告死亡案件Section 3 Cases Concerning the Declaration of a Person as
Missing or Dead
第四節(jié) 認定公民無民事行為能力、限制民事行為能力案件Section 4 Cases Concerning the Adjudgment of Legal
Incapacity or Restricted Legal Capacity of Citizens
第五節(jié) 認定財產(chǎn)無主案件Section 5 Cases Concerning the Determination of a Property as
Ownerless
第十六章 審判監(jiān)督程序CHAPTER XVI Procedure for Trial Supervision
第十七章 督促程序CHAPTER XVII Procedure for Hastening Debt Recovery
第十八章 公示催告程序CHAPTER XVIII Procedure for Publicizing Public Notice for Assertion
of Claims
第十九章 企業(yè)法人破產(chǎn)還債程序CHAPTER XIX Procedure for Bankruptcy and Debt Repayment of
Legal Person Enterprises
第三編 執(zhí)行程序Part Three Procedure of Execution
第二十章 一般規(guī)定CHAPTER XX General Provisions
第二十一章 執(zhí)行的申請和移送CHAPTER XXI Application for Execution and Referral
第二十二章 執(zhí)行措施CHAPTER XXII Execution Measures
第二十三章 執(zhí)行中止和終結(jié)CHAPTER XXIII Suspension and Termination of Execution
第四編 涉外民事訴訟程序的特別規(guī)定Part Four Special Provisions for Civil Procedure of Cases
Involving Foreign Element
第二十四章 一般原則CHAPTER XXIV General Principles
第二十五章 管 轄CHAPTER XXV Jurisdiction
第二十六章 送達、期間CHAPTER XXVI Service and Time Periods
第二十七章 財產(chǎn)保全CHAPTER XXVII Property Preservation
第二十八章 仲 裁CHAPTER XXVIII Arbitration
第二十九章 司法協(xié)助CHAPTER XXIX Judicial Assistance
第一編 總 則PART ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS
第一章 任務(wù)、適用范圍和基本原則“Chapter I The Aim， Scope of Application and Basic Principles”
第一條 中華人民共和國民事訴訟法以憲法為根據(jù)，結(jié)合我國民事審判工作的經(jīng)驗和實際情況制定。
Article 1 The Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China is
formulated on the basis of the Constitution and in the light of the experience
and actual conditions of our country in the trial of civil cases.
第二條
中華人民共和國民事訴訟法的任務(wù)，是保護當(dāng)事人行使訴訟權(quán)利，保證人民法院查明事實，分清是非，正確適用法律，及時審理民事案件，確認民事權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系，制裁民事違法行為，保護當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益，教育公民自覺遵守法律，維護社會秩序、經(jīng)濟秩序，保障社會主義建設(shè)事業(yè)順利進行。
“Article 2 The Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China aims to
protect the exercise of the litigation rights of the parties and ensure the
ascertaining of facts by the people's courts， distinguish right from wrong，
apply the law correctly， try civil cases promptly， affirm civil rights and
obligations， impose sanctions for civil wrongs， protect the lawful rights and
interests of the parties， educate citizens to voluntarily abide by the law，
maintain the social and economic order， and guarantee the smooth progress of the
socialist construction.”
第三條 人民法院受理公民之間、法人之間、其他組織之間以及他們相互之間因財產(chǎn)關(guān)系和人身關(guān)系提起的民事訴訟，適用本法的規(guī)定。 【法律教育網(wǎng)】
“Article 3 In dealing with civil litigation arising from disputes on property
and personal relations between citizens， legal persons or other organizations
and between the three of them， the people's courts shall apply the provisions of
this Law.”
第四條 凡在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)進行民事訴訟，必須遵守本法。
Article 4 Whoever engages in civil litigation within the territory of the
People's Republic of China must abide by this Law.
第五條 外國人、無國籍人、外國企業(yè)和組織在人民法院起訴、應(yīng)訴，同中華人民共和國公民、法人和其他組織有同等的訴訟權(quán)利義務(wù)。
“Article 5 Aliens， stateless persons， foreign enterprises and organizations
that bring suits or enter appearance in the people's courts shall have the same
litigation rights and obligations as citizens， legal persons and other
organizations of the People's Republic of China.”
外國法院對中華人民共和國公民、法人和其他組織的民事訴訟權(quán)利加以限制的，中華人民共和國人民法院對該國公民、企業(yè)和組織的民事訴訟權(quán)利，實行對等原則。
“If the courts of a foreign country impose restrictions on the civil
litigation rights of the citizens， legal persons and other organizations of the
People's Republic of China， the people's courts of the People's Republic of
China shall follow the principle of reciprocity regarding the civil litigation
rights of the citizens， enterprises and organizations of that foreign country.”
第六條 民事案件的審判權(quán)由人民法院行使。
Article 6 The people's courts shall exercise judicial powers with respect to
civil cases.
人民法院依照法律規(guī)定對民事案件獨立進行審判，不受行政機關(guān)、社會團體和個人的干涉。
“The people's courts shall try civil cases independently in accordance with
the law， and shall be subject to no interference by any administrative organ，
public organization or individual.”
第七條 人民法院審理民事案件，必須以事實為根據(jù)，以法律為準繩。
“Article 7 In trying civil cases， the people's courts must base themselves on
facts and take the law as the criterion.”
第八條 民事訴訟當(dāng)事人有平等的訴訟權(quán)利。人民法院審理民事案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)保障和便利當(dāng)事人行使訴訟權(quán)利，對當(dāng)事人在適用法律上一律平等。
“Article 8 The parties in civil litigation shall have equal litigation rights.
The people's courts shall， in conducting the trials， safeguard their rights，
facilitate their exercising the rights， and apply the law equally to them.”
第九條 人民法院審理民事案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)自愿和合法的原則進行調(diào)解；調(diào)解不成的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時判決。
“Article 9 In trying civil cases， the people's courts shall conduct
conciliation for the parties on a voluntary and lawful basis； if conciliation
fails， judgments shall be rendered without delay.”
第十條 人民法院審理民事案件，依照法律規(guī)定實行合議、回避、公開審判和兩審終審制度。
“Article 10 In trying civil cases， the people's courts shall， according to the
provisions of the law， follow the systems of panel hearing， withdrawal， public
trial and the court of second instance being that of last instance.”
第十一條 各民族公民都有用本民族語言、文字進行民事訴訟的權(quán)利。
Article 11 Citizens of all nationalities shall have the right to use their
native spoken and written languages in civil proceedings.
在少數(shù)民族聚居或者多民族共同居住的地區(qū)，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)用當(dāng)?shù)孛褡逋ㄓ玫恼Z言、文字進行審理和發(fā)布法律文書。
“Where minority nationalities live in aggregation in a community or where
several nationalities live together in one area， the people's courts shall
conduct hearings and issue legal documents in the spoken and written languages
commonly used by the local nationalities.”
人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)對不通曉當(dāng)?shù)孛褡逋ㄓ玫恼Z言、文字的訴訟參與人提供翻譯。
The people's courts shall provide translations for any participant in the
proceedings who is not familiar with the spoken or written languages commonly
used by the local nationalities.
第十二條 人民法院審理民事案件時，當(dāng)事人有權(quán)進行辯論。
Article 12 Parties to civil actions are entitled in the trials by the people's
courts to argue for themselves.
第十三條 當(dāng)事人有權(quán)在法律規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)處分自己的民事權(quán)利和訴訟權(quán)利。
Article 13 The parties are free to deal with their own civil rights and
litigation rights the way they prefer within the scope provided by the law.
第十四條 人民檢察院有權(quán)對民事審判活動實行法律監(jiān)督。
Article 14 The people's procuratorates shall have the right to exercise legal
supervision over civil proceedings.
第十五條 機關(guān)、社會團體、企業(yè)事業(yè)單位對損害國家、集體或者個人民事權(quán)益的行為，可以支持受損害的單位或者個人向人民法院起訴。 【法律教育網(wǎng)】
“Article 15 Where an act has infringed upon the civil rights and interests of
the State， a collective organization or an individual， any State organ， public
organization， enterprise or institution may support the injured unit or
individual to bring an action in a people's court.”
第十六條 人民調(diào)解委員會是在基層人民政府和基層人民法院指導(dǎo)下，調(diào)解民間糾紛的群眾性組織。
Article 16 The people's conciliation committees shall be mass organizations to
conduct conciliation of civil disputes under the guidance of the grass- roots
level people's governments and the basic level people's courts.
人民調(diào)解委員會依照法律規(guī)定，根據(jù)自愿原則進行調(diào)解。
The people's conciliation committee shall conduct conciliation for the parties
according to the Law and on a voluntary basis.
當(dāng)事人對調(diào)解達成的協(xié)議應(yīng)當(dāng)履行；不愿調(diào)解、調(diào)解不成或者反悔的，可以向人民法院起訴。
The parties concerned shall carry out the settlement agreement reached through
conciliation； those who decline conciliation or those for whom conciliation has
failed or those who have backed out of the settlement agreement may institute
legal proceedings in a people's court.
人民調(diào)解委員會調(diào)解民間糾紛，如有違背法律的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)予以糾正。
“If a people's conciliation committee， in conducting conciliation of civil
disputes， acts contrary to the law， rectification shall be made by the people's
court.”
第十七條 民族自治地方的人民代表大會根據(jù)憲法和本法的原則，結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)孛褡宓木唧w情況，可以制定變通或者補充的規(guī)定。
“Article 17 The people's congresses of the national autonomous regions may
formulate， in accordance with the Constitution and the principles of this Law，
and in conjunction with the specific circumstances of the local nationalities，
adaptive and supplementary provisions. ”
自治區(qū)的規(guī)定，報全國人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會批準。
Such provisions made by an autonomous region shall be submitted to the
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval；
自治州、自治縣的規(guī)定，報省或者自治區(qū)的人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會批準，并報全國人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會備案。
those made by an autonomous prefecture or autonomous county shall be submitted
to the standing committee of the people's congress of the relevant province or
autonomous region for approval and to the Standing Committee of the National
People's Congress for the record.
第二章 管 轄Chapter II Jurisdiction
第一節(jié) 級別管轄Section 1 Jurisdiction by Forum Level
第十八條 基層人民法院管轄第一審民事案件，但本法另有規(guī)定的除外。
“Article 18 The basic people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of
first instance over civil cases， unless otherwise provided in this Law.”
第十九條 中級人民法院管轄下列第一審民事案件：
Article 19 The intermediate people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts
of first instance over the following civil cases：
?。ㄒ唬┲卮笊嫱獍讣?；
（1） major cases involving foreign element；
?。ǘ┰诒据爡^(qū)有重大影響的案件；
?。?） cases that have major impact on the area under their jurisdiction； and
?。ㄈ┳罡呷嗣穹ㄔ捍_定由中級人民法院管轄的案件。
?。?） cases as determined by the Supreme People's Court to be under the
jurisdiction of the intermediate people's courts.
第二十條 高級人民法院管轄在本轄區(qū)有重大影響的第一審民事案件。
Article 20 The high people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first
instance over civil cases that have major impact on the areas under their
jurisdiction.
第二十一條 最高人民法院管轄下列第一審民事案件：
Article 21 The Supreme People's Court shall have jurisdiction as the court of
first instance over the following civil cases：
?。ㄒ唬┰谌珖兄卮笥绊懙陌讣?；
?。?） cases that have major impact on the whole country；
?。ǘ┱J為應(yīng)當(dāng)由本院審理的案件。
and （2） cases that the Supreme People's Court deems it should try.
第二節(jié) 地域管轄Section 2 Territorial Jurisdiction
第二十二條 對公民提起的民事訴訟，由被告住所地人民法院管轄；被告住所地與經(jīng)常居住地不一致的，由經(jīng)常居住地人民法院管轄。
“Article 22 A civil lawsuit brought against a citizen shall be under the
jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant has his
domicile； if the place of the defendant's domicile is different from that of his
habitual residence， the lawsuit shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's
court of the place of his habitual residence.”
對法人或者其他組織提起的民事訴訟，由被告住所地人民法院管轄。
A civil lawsuit brought against a legal person or any other organization shall
be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant
has his domicile.
同一訴訟的幾個被告住所地、經(jīng)常居住地在兩個以上人民法院轄區(qū)的，各該人民法院都有管轄權(quán)。
“Where the domiciles or habitual residences of several defendants in the same
lawsuit are in the areas under the jurisdiction of two or more people's courts，
all of those people's courts shall have jurisdiction over the lawsuit.”
第二十三條 下列民事訴訟，由原告住所地人民法院管轄；原告住所地與經(jīng)常居住地不一致的，由原告經(jīng)常居住地人民法院管轄：
“Article 23 The civil lawsuits described below shall be under the jurisdiction
of the people's court of the place where the plaintiff has his domicile； if the
place of the plaintiff's domicile is different from that of his habitual
residence， the lawsuit shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of
the place of the plaintiff's habitual residence： ”
?。ㄒ唬Σ辉谥腥A人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)居住的人提起的有關(guān)身份關(guān)系的訴訟；
?。?） those concerning personal status brought against persons not residing
within the territory of the People's Republic of China；
?。ǘο侣洳幻骰蛘咝媸й櫟娜颂崞鸬挠嘘P(guān)身份關(guān)系的訴訟；
?。?） those concerning the personal status of persons whose whereabouts are
unknown or who have been declared as missing；
?。ㄈΡ粍趧咏甜B(yǎng)的人提起的訴訟；
?。?） those brought against persons who are undergoing rehabilitation through
labour；
（四）對被監(jiān)禁的人提起的訴訟。
and （4） those brought against persons who are in imprisonment.
第二十四條 因合同糾紛提起的訴訟，由被告住所地或者合同履行地人民法院管轄。
Article 24 A lawsuit brought on a contract dispute shall be under the
jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant has his
domicile or where the contract is performed.
第二十五條
合同的雙方當(dāng)事人可以在書面合同中協(xié)議選擇被告住所地、合同履行地、合同簽訂地、原告住所地、標的物所在地人民法院管轄，但不得違反本法對級別管轄和專屬管轄的規(guī)定。
“Article 25 The parties to a contract may agree to choose in their written
contract the people's court of the place where the defendant has his domicile，
where the contract is performed， where the contract is signed， where the
plaintiff has his domicile or where the object of the action is located to
exercise jurisdiction over the case， provided that the provisions of this Law
regarding jurisdiction by forum level and exclusive jurisdiction are not
violated.”
第二十六條 因保險合同糾紛提起的訴訟，由被告住所地或者保險標的物所在地人民法院管轄。
Article 26 A lawsuit brought on an insurance contract dispute shall be under
the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant has his
domicile or where the insured object is located.
第二十七條 因票據(jù)糾紛提起的訴訟，由票據(jù)支付地或者被告住所地人民法院管轄。
Article 27 A lawsuit brought on a bill dispute shall be under the jurisdiction
of the people's court of the place where the bill is to be paid or where the
defendant has his domicile.
第二十八條 因鐵路、公路、水上、航空運輸和聯(lián)合運輸合同糾紛提起的訴訟，由運輸始發(fā)地、目的地或者被告住所地人民法院管轄。
“Article 28 A lawsuit arising from a dispute over a railway， road， water， or
air transport contract or over a combined transport contract shall be under the
jurisdiction of the people's court of the place of dispatch or the place of
destination or where the defendant has his domicile.”
第二十九條 因侵權(quán)行為提起的訴訟，由侵權(quán)行為地或者被告住所地人民法院管轄。
Article 29 A lawsuit brought on a tortious act shall be under the jurisdiction
of the people's court of the place where the tort is committed or where the
defendant has his domicile.
第三十條 因鐵路、公路、水上和航空事故請求損害賠償提起的訴訟，由事故發(fā)生地或者車輛、船舶最先到達地、航空器最先降落地或者被告住所地人民法院管轄。
“Article 30 A lawsuit brought on claims for damages caused by a railway， road，
water transport or air accident shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's
court of the place where the accident occurred or where the vehicle or ship
first arrived after the accident or where the aircraft first landed after the
accident， or where the defendant has his domicile.”
第三十一條 因船舶碰撞或者其他海事?lián)p害事故請求損害賠償提起的訴訟，由碰撞發(fā)生地、碰撞船舶最先到達地、加害船舶被扣留地或者被告住所地人民法院管轄。
“Article 31 A lawsuit brought on claims for damages caused by a collision at
sea or by any other maritime accident shall be under the jurisdiction of the
people's court of the place where the collision occurred or where the ship in
collision first docked after the accident or where the ship at fault was
detained， or where the defendant has his domicile.”
第三十二條 因海難救助費用提起的訴訟，由救助地或者被救助船舶最先到達地人民法院管轄。
Article 32 A lawsuit instituted for expenses of maritime salvage shall be
under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the salvage took
place or where the salvaged ship first docked after the disaster.
第三十三條 因共同海損提起的訴訟，由船舶最先到達地、共同海損理算地或者航程終止地的人民法院管轄。
Article 33 A lawsuit brought for general average shall be under the
jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the ship first docked or
where the adjustment of general average was conducted or where the voyage ended.
第三十四條 下列案件，由本條規(guī)定的人民法院專屬管轄：
Article 34 The following cases shall be under the exclusive jurisdiction of
the people's courts herein specified：
（一）因不動產(chǎn)糾紛提起的訴訟，由不動產(chǎn)所在地人民法院管轄；
（1） a lawsuit brought on a dispute over real estate shall be under the
jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the estate is located；
?。ǘ┮蚋劭谧鳂I(yè)中發(fā)生糾紛提起的訴訟，由港口所在地人民法院管轄；
?。?） a lawsuit brought on a dispute over harbour operations shall be under the
jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the harbour is located；
?。ㄈ┮蚶^承遺產(chǎn)糾紛提起的訴訟，由被繼承人死亡時住所地或者主要遺產(chǎn)所在地人民法院管轄。
“and （3） a lawsuit brought on a dispute over succession shall be under the
jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the decedent had his
domicile upon his death， or where the principal part of his estate is located.”
第三十五條 兩個以上人民法院都有管轄權(quán)的訴訟，原告可以向其中一個人民法院起訴；
“Article 35 When two or more people's courts have jurisdiction over a lawsuit，
the plaintiff may bring his lawsuit in one of these people's courts； ”
原告向兩個以上有管轄權(quán)的人民法院起訴的，由最先立案的人民法院管轄。
“if the plaintiff brings the lawsuit in two or more people's courts that have
jurisdiction over the lawsuit， the people's court in which the case was first
entertained shall have jurisdiction.”
第三節(jié) 移送管轄和指定管轄Section 3 Transfer and Designation of Jurisdiction
第三十六條 人民法院發(fā)現(xiàn)受理的案件不屬于本院管轄的，應(yīng)當(dāng)移送有管轄權(quán)的人民法院，受移送的人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)受理。
“Article 36 If a people's court finds that a case it has entertained is not
under its jurisdiction， it shall refer the case to the people's court that has
jurisdiction over the case. ”
受移送的人民法院認為受移送的案件依照規(guī)定不屬于本院管轄的，應(yīng)當(dāng)報請上級人民法院指定管轄，不得再自行移送。
“The people's court to which a case has been referred shall entertain the
case， and if it considers that， according to the relevant regulations， the case
referred to it is not under its jurisdiction， it shall report to a superior
people's court for the designation of jurisdiction and shall not independently
refer the case again to another people's court.”
第三十七條 有管轄權(quán)的人民法院由于特殊原因，不能行使管轄權(quán)的，由上級人民法院指定管轄。
“Article 37 If a people's court which has jurisdiction over a case is unable
to exercise the jurisdiction for special reasons， a superior people's court
shall designate another court to exercise jurisdiction.”
人民法院之間因管轄權(quán)發(fā)生爭議，由爭議雙方協(xié)商解決；協(xié)商解決不了的，報請它們的共同上級人民法院指定管轄。
“In the event of a jurisdictional dispute between two or more people's courts，
it shall be resolved by the disputing parties through consultation； if the
dispute cannot be so resolved， it shall be reported to their common superior
people's court for the designation of jurisdiction.”
第三十八條 人民法院受理案件后，當(dāng)事人對管轄權(quán)有異議的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在提交答辯狀期間提出。
“Article 38 If a party to an action objects to the jurisdiction of a people's
court after the court has entertained the case， the party must raise the
objection within the period prescribed for the submission of defence. ”
人民法院對當(dāng)事人提出的異議，應(yīng)當(dāng)審查。
The people's court shall examine the objection.
異議成立的，裁定將案件移送有管轄權(quán)的人民法院；異議不成立的，裁定駁回。
“If the objection is established， the people's court shall order the case to
be transferred to the people's court that has jurisdiction over it； if not， the
people's court shall reject it.”
第三十九條 上級人民法院有權(quán)審理下級人民法院管轄的第一審民事案件，也可以把本院管轄的第一審民事案件交下級人民法院審理。
Article 39 The people's courts at higher levels shall have the power to try
civil cases over which the people's courts at lower levels have jurisdiction as
courts of first instance； they may also transfer civil cases over which they
themselves have jurisdiction as courts of first instance to people's courts at
lower levels for trial.
下級人民法院對它所管轄的第一審民事案件，認為需要由上級人民法院審理的，可以報請上級人民法院審理。
“If a people's court at a lower level that has jurisdiction over a civil case
as court of first instance deems it necessary to have the case to be tried by a
people's court at a higher level， it may submit it to and request the people's
court at a higher level to try the case.”
第三章 審判組織Chapter III Trial Organization
第四十條 人民法院審理第一審民事案件，由審判員、陪審員共同組成合議庭或者由審判員組成合議庭。
Article 40 The people's court of first instance shall try civil cases by a
collegial panel composed of both judges and judicial assessors or of judges
alone.
合議庭的成員人數(shù)，必須是單數(shù)。
The collegial panel must have an odd number of members.
適用簡易程序?qū)徖淼拿袷掳讣?，由審判員一人獨任審理。
Civil cases in which summary procedure is followed shall be tried by a single
judge alone.
陪審員在執(zhí)行陪審職務(wù)時，與審判員有同等的權(quán)利義務(wù)。
“When performing their duties， the judicial assessors shall have equal rights
and obligations as the judges.”
第四十一條 人民法院審理第二審民事案件，由審判員組成合議庭。
Article 41 The people's court of second instance shall try civil cases by a
collegial panel of judges.
合議庭的成員人數(shù)，必須是單數(shù)。
The collegial panel must have an odd number of members.
發(fā)回重審的案件，原審人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)按照第一審程序另行組成合議庭。
“For the retrial of a remanded case， the people's court of first instance
shall form a new collegial panel in accordance with the procedure of first
instance.”
審理再審案件，原來是第一審的，按照第一審程序另行組成合議庭；
“ If a case for retrial was originally tried at first instance， a new
collegial panel shall be formed according to the procedure of first instance； ”
原來是第二審的或者是上級人民法院提審的，按照第二審程序另行組成合議庭。
“if the case was originally tried at second instance or was brought by a
people's court at a higher level to it for trial， a new collegial panel shall be
formed according to the procedure of second instance.”
第四十二條 合議庭的審判長由院長或者庭長指定審判員一人擔(dān)任；院長或者庭長參加審判的，由院長或者庭長擔(dān)任。
“Article 42 The president of the court or the chief judge of a division of the
court shall designate a judge to serve as the presiding judge of the collegial
panel； if the president or the chief judge participates in the trial， he himself
shall serve as the presiding judge.”
第四十三條 合議庭評議案件，實行少數(shù)服從多數(shù)的原則。
“Article 43 When deliberating a case， a collegial panel shall observe the rule
of majority. ”
評議應(yīng)當(dāng)制作筆錄，由合議庭成員簽名。
“The deliberations shall be recorded in writing， and the transcript shall be
signed by the members of the collegial panel.”
評議中的不同意見，必須如實記入筆錄。
Dissenting opinions in the deliberations must be truthfully entered in the
transcript.
第四十四條 審判人員應(yīng)當(dāng)依法秉公辦案。
Article 44 The judicial officers shall deal with all cases impartially and in
accordance with the law.
審判人員不得接受當(dāng)事人及其訴訟代理人請客送禮。
The judicial officers shall not accept any treat or gift from the parties or
their agents ad litem.
審判人員有貪污受賄，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行為的，應(yīng)當(dāng)追究法律責(zé)任；構(gòu)成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責(zé)任。
“Any judicial officer who commits embezzlement， accepts bribes， engages in
malpractice for personal benefits or who perverts the law in passing judgment
shall be investigated for legal responsibility； if the act constitutes a crime，
the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to the
law.”
第四章 回 避Chapter IV Withdrawal
第四十五條 審判人員有下列情形之一的，必須回避，當(dāng)事人有權(quán)用口頭或者書面方式申請他們回避：
“Article 45 A judicial officer shall of himself withdraw from the case， and
the parties thereto shall be entitled to apply orally or in writing for his
withdrawal in any of the following circumstances： ”
?。ㄒ唬┦潜景府?dāng)事人或者當(dāng)事人、訴訟代理人的近親屬；
（1） he being a party to the case or a near relative of a party or an agent ad
litem in the case；
?。ǘ┡c本案有利害關(guān)系；
?。?） he being an interested party in the case；
（三）與本案當(dāng)事人有其他關(guān)系，可能影響對案件公正審理的。
“or （3） he having some other kind of relationship with a party to the case，
which might affect the impartiality of the trial.”
前款規(guī)定，適用于書記員、翻譯人員、鑒定人、勘驗人。
“The above provisions shall also apply to clerks， interpreters， expert
witnesses and inspection personnel.”
第四十六條 當(dāng)事人提出回避申請，應(yīng)當(dāng)說明理由，在案件開始審理時提出；
“Article 46 In applying for the withdrawal， the party shall state the reason
and submit the application at the beginning of the proceedings； ”
回避事由在案件開始審理后知道的，也可以在法庭辯論終結(jié)前提出。
the application may also be submitted before the closing of arguments in court
if the reason for the withdrawal is known to him only after the proceedings
begin.
被申請回避的人員在人民法院作出是否回避的決定前，應(yīng)當(dāng)暫停參與本案的工作，但案件需要采取緊急措施的除外。
“Pending a decision by the people's court regarding the withdrawal applied
for， the judicial officer concerned shall temporarily suspend his participation
in the proceedings， with the exception， however， of cases that require the
taking of emergency measures.”
第四十七條 院長擔(dān)任審判長時的回避，由審判委員會決定；審判人員的回避，由院長決定；其他人員的回避，由審判長決定。
Article 47 The withdrawal of the presiding judge who is president of the court
shall be decided by the judicial committee； the withdrawal of judicial officers
shall be decided by the court president； and the withdrawal of other personnel
by the presiding judge.
第四十八條 人民法院對當(dāng)事人提出的回避申請，應(yīng)當(dāng)在申請?zhí)岢龅娜諆?nèi)，以口頭或者書面形式作出決定。
Article 48 The decision of a people's court on an application made by any
party for withdrawal shall be made orally or in writing within three days after
the application was made.
申請人對決定不服的，可以在接到?jīng)Q定時申請復(fù)議一次。
“If the applicant is not satisfied with the decision， he may apply for
reconsideration which could be granted only once. ”
復(fù)議期間，被申請回避的人員，不停止參與本案的工作。
“During the period of reconsideration， the person whose withdrawal has been
applied for shall not suspend his participation in the proceedings.”
人民法院對復(fù)議申請，應(yīng)當(dāng)在三日內(nèi)作出復(fù)議決定，并通知復(fù)議申請人。
The decision of a people's court on the reconsideration shall be made within
three days after receiving the application and the applicant shall be notified
of it accordingly.
第五章 訴訟參加人 第一節(jié) 當(dāng)事人Chapter V Participants in Proceedings Section 1 Parties
第四十九條 公民、法人和其他組織可以作為民事訴訟的當(dāng)事人。
“Article 49 Any citizen， legal person and any other organization may become a
party to a civil action.”
法人由其法定代表人進行訴訟。
Legal persons shall be represented by their legal representatives in the
litigation.
其他組織由其主要負責(zé)人進行訴訟。
Other organizations shall be represented by their principal heads in the
proceedings.
第五十條 當(dāng)事人有權(quán)委托代理人，提出回避申請，收集、提供證據(jù)，進行辯論，請求調(diào)解，提起上訴，申請執(zhí)行。
“Article 50 Parties to an action shall have the right to appoint agents， apply
for withdrawals， collect and provide evidence， proffer arguments， request
conciliation， file an appeal and apply for execution.”
當(dāng)事人可以查閱本案有關(guān)材料，并可以復(fù)制本案有關(guān)材料和法律文書。
Parties to an action may have access to materials pertaining to the case and
make copies thereof and other legal documents pertaining to the case.
查閱、復(fù)制本案有關(guān)材料的范圍和辦法由最高人民法院規(guī)定。
The scope of and rules for consulting and making copies of them shall be
specified by the Supreme People's Court.
當(dāng)事人必須依法行使訴訟權(quán)利，遵守訴訟秩序，履行發(fā)生法律效力的判決書、裁定書和調(diào)解書。
“Parties to an action must exercise their litigation rights in accordance with
the law， observe the procedures and carry out legally effective written
judgments or orders and conciliation statements.”
第五十一條 雙方當(dāng)事人可以自行和解。
Article 51 The two parties may reach a compromise of their own accord.
第五十二條 原告可以放棄或者變更訴訟請求。
Article 52 The plaintiff may relinquish or modify his claims.
被告可以承認或者反駁訴訟請求，有權(quán)提起反訴。
The defendant may admit or rebut the claims and shall have the right to file
counterclaims.
第五十三條 當(dāng)事人一方或者雙方為二人以上，其訴訟標的是共同的，或者訴訟標的是同一種類、人民法院認為可以合并審理并經(jīng)當(dāng)事人同意的，為共同訴訟。
“Article 53 When one party or both parties consist of two or more than two
persons， their object of action being the same or of the same category and the
people's court considers that， with the consent of the parties， the action can
be tried combined， it is a joint action.”
共同訴訟的一方當(dāng)事人對訴訟標的有共同權(quán)利義務(wù)的，其中一人的訴訟行為經(jīng)其他共同訴訟人承認，對其他共同訴訟人發(fā)生效力；
“If a party of two or more persons to a joint action have common rights and
obligations with respect to the object of action and the act of any one of them
is recognized by the others of the party， such an act shall be valid for all the
rest of the party； ”
對訴訟標的沒有共同權(quán)利義務(wù)的，其中一人的訴訟行為對其他共同訴訟人不發(fā)生效力。
“if a party of two or more persons have no common rights and obligations with
respect to the object of action， the act of any one of them shall not be valid
for the rest.”
第五十四條 當(dāng)事人一方人數(shù)眾多的共同訴訟，可以由當(dāng)事人推選代表人進行訴訟。
“Article 54 If the persons comprising a party to a joint action is large in
number， the party may elect representatives from among themselves to act for
them in the litigation. ”
代表人的訴訟行為對其所代表的當(dāng)事人發(fā)生效力，但代表人變更、放棄訴訟請求或者承認對方當(dāng)事人的訴訟請求，進行和解，必須經(jīng)被代表的當(dāng)事人同意。
“The acts of such representatives in the litigation shall be valid for the
party they represent. However， modification or waiver of claims or admission of
the claims of the other party or pursuing a compromise with the other party by
the representatives shall be subject to the consent of the party they
represent.”
第五十五條 訴訟標的是同一種類、當(dāng)事人一方人數(shù)眾多在起訴時人數(shù)尚未確定的，人民法院可以發(fā)出公告，說明案件情況和訴訟請求，通知權(quán)利人在一定期間向人民法院登記。
“Article 55 Where the object of action is of the same category and the persons
comprising one of the parties is large but uncertain in number at the
commencement of the action， the people's court may issue a public notice，
stating the particulars and claims of the case and informing those entitled to
participate in the action to register their rights with the people's court
within a fixed period of time.”
向人民法院登記的權(quán)利人可以推選代表人進行訴訟；
Those who have registered their rights with the people's court may elect
representatives from among themselves to proceed with the litigation；
推選不出代表人的，人民法院可以與參加登記的權(quán)利人商定代表人。
“if the election fails its purpose， such representatives may be determined by
the people's court through consultation with those who have registered their
rights with the court.”
代表人的訴訟行為對其所代表的當(dāng)事人發(fā)生效力，但代表人變更、放棄訴訟請求或者承認對方當(dāng)事人的訴訟請求，進行和解，必須經(jīng)被代表的當(dāng)事人同意。
“The acts of such representative in the litigation shall be valid for the
party they represent； however， modification or waiver of claims or admission of
the claims of the other party or pursuing a compromise with the other party by
the representatives shall be subject to the consent of the party they
represent.”
人民法院作出的判決、裁定，對參加登記的全體權(quán)利人發(fā)生效力。
The judgments or written orders rendered by the people's court shall be valid
for all those who have registered their rights with the court.
未參加登記的權(quán)利人在訴訟時效期間提起訴訟的，適用該判決、裁定。
Such judgments or written orders shall apply to those who have not registered
their rights but have instituted legal proceedings during period of limitation
of the action.
第五十六條 對當(dāng)事人雙方的訴訟標的，第三人認為有獨立請求權(quán)的，有權(quán)提起訴訟。
“Article 56 If a third party considers that he has an independent claim to the
object of action of both parties， he shall have the right to bring an action.”
對當(dāng)事人雙方的訴訟標的，第三人雖然沒有獨立請求權(quán)，但案件處理結(jié)果同他有法律上的利害關(guān)系的，可以申請參加訴訟，或者由人民法院通知他參加訴訟。
“Where the outcome of the case will affect a third party's legal interest，
such party， though having no independent claim to the object of action of both
parties， may file a request to participate in the proceedings or the people's
court shall notify the third party to participate. ”
人民法院判決承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任的第三人，有當(dāng)事人的訴訟權(quán)利義務(wù)。
A third party that is to bear civil liability in accordance with the judgment
of the people's court shall be entitled to the rights and obligations of a party
in litigation.
第二節(jié) 訴訟代理人Section 2 Agents ad Litem
第五十七條 無訴訟行為能力人由他的監(jiān)護人作為法定代理人代為訴訟。
Article 57 Any person with no legal capacity to engage in litigation shall
have his guardian or guardians as statutory agents to act for him in a lawsuit.
法定代理人之間互相推諉代理責(zé)任的，由人民法院指定其中一人代為訴訟。
“If the statutory agents try to shift responsibility as agents ad litem upon
one another， the people's court shall appoint one of them to represent the
person in litigation.”
第五十八條 當(dāng)事人、法定代理人可以委托一至二人作為訴訟代理人。
“Article 58 A party to an action， or statutory agent may appoint one or two
persons to act as his agents ad litem.”
律師、當(dāng)事人的近親屬、有關(guān)的社會團體或者所在單位推薦的人、經(jīng)人民法院許可的其他公民，都可以被委托為訴訟代理人。
“A lawyer， a near relative of the party， a person recommended by a relevant
social organization or a unit to which the party belongs or any other citizen
approved by the people's court may be appointed as the party's agent ad litem.”
第五十九條 委托他人代為訴訟，必須向人民法院提交由委托人簽名或者蓋章的授權(quán)委托書。
“Article 59 When a person appoints another to act on his behalf in litigation，
he must submit to the people's court a power of attorney bearing his signature
or seal.”
授權(quán)委托書必須記明委托事項和權(quán)限。
The power of attorney must specify the matters entrusted and the powers
conferred.
訴訟代理人代為承認、放棄、變更訴訟請求，進行和解，提起反訴或者上訴，必須有委托人的特別授權(quán)。
“An agent ad litem must obtain special powers from his principal to admit，
waive or modify claims， or to compromise or to file a counterclaim or an
appeal.”
僑居在國外的中華人民共和國公民從國外寄交或者托交的授權(quán)委托書，必須經(jīng)中華人民共和國駐該國的使領(lǐng)館證明；
A power of attorney mailed or delivered through others by a citizen of the
People's Republic of China residing abroad must be certified by the Chinese
embassy or consulate accredited to that country.
沒有使領(lǐng)館的，由與中華人民共和國有外交關(guān)系的第三國駐該國的使領(lǐng)館證明，再轉(zhuǎn)由中華人民共和國駐該第三國使領(lǐng)館證明，或者由當(dāng)?shù)氐膼蹏A僑團體證明。
“If there is no Chinese embassy or consulate in that country， the power of
attorney must be certified by an embassy or a consulate of a third country
accredited to that country that has diplomatic relations with the People's
Republic of China， and then transmitted for authentication to the embassy or
consulate of the People's Republic of China accredited to that third country， or
it must be certified by a local patriotic overseas Chinese organization.”
第六十條 訴訟代理人的權(quán)限如果變更或者解除，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)書面告知人民法院，并由人民法院通知對方當(dāng)事人。
“Article 60 A party to an action shall inform the people's court in writing if
he changes or revokes the powers of an agent ad litem， and the court shall
notify the other party of the change or revocation.”
第六十一條 代理訴訟的律師和其他訴訟代理人有權(quán)調(diào)查收集證據(jù)，可以查閱本案有關(guān)材料。
“Article 61 A lawyer who serves as an agent ad litem and other agents ad litem
shall have the right to investigate and collect evidence， and may have access to
materials pertaining to the case. ”
查閱本案有關(guān)材料的范圍和辦法由最高人民法院規(guī)定。
The scope of and rules for consulting materials pertaining to the case shall
be specified by the Supreme People's Court.
第六十二條 離婚案件有訴訟代理人的，本人除不能表達意志的以外，仍應(yīng)出庭；
“Article 62 In a divorce case in which the parties to the action have been
represented by their agents ad litem， the parties themselves shall still appear
in court in person， unless they are incapable of expressing their own will. ”
確因特殊情況無法出庭的，必須向人民法院提交書面意見。
A party who is truly unable to appear in court due to a special reason shall
submit his views in writing to the people's court.
第六章 證 據(jù)Chapter VI Evidence
第六十三條 證據(jù)有下列幾種：（一）書證；（二）物證；（三）視聽資料；（四）證人證言；（五）當(dāng)事人的陳述；（六）鑒定結(jié)論；（七）勘驗筆錄。
Article 63 Evidence shall be classified as follows： （1） documentary evidence；
（2） material evidence； （3） audio-visual material； （4） testimony of witnesses；
（5） statements of the parties； （6） expert conclusions； and （7） records of
inspection.
以上證據(jù)必須查證屬實，才能作為認定事實的根據(jù)。
The above-mentioned evidence must be verified before it can be taken as a
basis for ascertaining a fact.
第六十四條 當(dāng)事人對自己提出的主張，有責(zé)任提供證據(jù)。
Article 64 It is the duty of a party to an action to provide evidence in
support of his allegations.
當(dāng)事人及其訴訟代理人因客觀原因不能自行收集的證據(jù)，或者人民法院認為審理案件需要的證據(jù)，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)調(diào)查收集。
“If， for objective reasons， a party and his agent ad litem are unable to
collect the evidence by themselves or if the people's court considers the
evidence necessary for the trial of the case， the people's court shall
investigate and collect it.”
人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)按照法定程序，全面地、客觀地審查核實證據(jù)。
“The people's court shall， in accordance with the procedure prescribed by the
law， examine and verify evidence comprehensively and objectively.”
第六十五條 人民法院有權(quán)向有關(guān)單位和個人調(diào)查取證，有關(guān)單位和個人不得拒絕。
Article 65 The people's court shall have the right to make investigation and
collect evidence from the relevant units or individuals； such units or
individuals may not refuse to provide information and evidence.
人民法院對有關(guān)單位和個人提出的證明文書，應(yīng)當(dāng)辨別真?zhèn)?，審查確定其效力。
“The people's court shall verify the authenticity， examine and determine the
validity of the certifying documents provided by the relevant units or
individuals.”
第六十六條 證據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)在法庭上出示，并由當(dāng)事人互相質(zhì)證。
Article 66 Evidence shall be presented in court and cross-examined by the
parties concerned.
對涉及國家秘密、商業(yè)秘密和個人隱私的證據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)保密，需要在法庭出示的，不得在公開開庭時出示。
“But evidence that involves State secrets， trade secrets and personal privacy
shall be kept confidential. If it needs to be presented in court， such evidence
shall not be presented in an open court session.”
第六十七條 經(jīng)過法定程序公證證明的法律行為、法律事實和文書，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)作為認定事實的根據(jù)。但有相反證據(jù)足以推翻公證證明的除外。
“Article 67 The people's court shall take the acts， facts and documents
legalized by notarization according to legal procedures as the basis for
ascertaining facts， unless there is evidence to the contrary sufficient to
invalidate the notarization.”
第六十八條 書證應(yīng)當(dāng)提交原件。物證應(yīng)當(dāng)提交原物。
Article 68 Any document submitted as evidence must be the original. Material
evidence must also be original.
提交原件或者原物確有困難的，可以提交復(fù)制品、照片、副本、節(jié)錄本。
“If it is truly difficult to present the original document or thing， then
reproductions， photographs， duplicates or extracts of the original may be
submitted.”
提交外文書證，必須附有中文譯本。
“If a document in a foreign language is submitted as evidence， a Chinese
translation must be appended.”
第六十九條 人民法院對視聽資料，應(yīng)當(dāng)辨別真?zhèn)?，并結(jié)合本案的其他證據(jù)，審查確定能否作為認定事實的根據(jù)。
Article 69 The people's court shall verify audio-visual materials and
determine after their examination in the light of other evidence in the case
whether they can be taken as a basis for ascertaining the facts.
第七十條 凡是知道案件情況的單位和個人，都有義務(wù)出庭作證。有關(guān)單位的負責(zé)人應(yīng)當(dāng)支持證人作證。證人確有困難不能出庭的，經(jīng)人民法院許可，可以提交書面證言。
“Article 70 All units and individuals who have knowledge of a case shall be
under the obligation of giving testimony in court. Responsible heads of the
relevant units shall support the witnesses to give testimony. When it is truly
difficult for a witness to appear in court， he may， with the consent of the
people's court， submit a written testimony.”
不能正確表達意志的人，不能作證。
Any person who is incapable of expressing his will properly shall not give
testimony.
第七十一條 人民法院對當(dāng)事人的陳述，應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合本案的其他證據(jù)，審查確定能否作為認定事實的根據(jù)。
Article 71 The people's court shall examine the statements of the parties
concerned in the light of other evidence in the case to determine whether the
statements can be taken as a basis for ascertaining the facts.
當(dāng)事人拒絕陳述的，不影響人民法院根據(jù)證據(jù)認定案件事實。
The refusal of a party to make statements shall not prevent the people's court
from ascertaining the facts of a case on the basis of other evidence.
第七十二條 人民法院對專門性問題認為需要鑒定的，應(yīng)當(dāng)交由法定鑒定部門鑒定；
“Article 72 When the people's court deems it necessary to make an expert
evaluation of a problem of a technical nature， it shall refer the problem to a
department authorized by the law for the evaluation. ”
沒有法定鑒定部門的，由人民法院指定的鑒定部門鑒定。
“In the absence of such a department， the people's court shall appoint one to
make the expert evaluation.”
鑒定部門及其指定的鑒定人有權(quán)了解進行鑒定所需要的案件材料，必要時可以詢問當(dāng)事人、證人。
The authorized department and the experts designated by the department shall
have the right to consult the case materials necessary for the evaluation and
question the parties and witnesses when circumstances so require.
鑒定部門和鑒定人應(yīng)當(dāng)提出書面鑒定結(jié)論，在鑒定書上簽名或者蓋章。
The authorized department and the experts it designated shall present a
written conclusion of the evaluation duly sealed or signed by both.
鑒定人鑒定的，應(yīng)當(dāng)由鑒定人所在單位加蓋印章，證明鑒定人身份。
“If the evaluation is made by an expert alone， the unit to which the expert
belongs shall certify his status by affixing its seal to the expert's
conclusion.”
第七十三條 勘驗物證或者現(xiàn)場，勘驗人必須出示人民法院的證件，并邀請當(dāng)?shù)鼗鶎咏M織或者當(dāng)事人所在單位派人參加。
“Article 73 When inspecting material evidence or a site， the inspector must
produce his credentials issued by a people's court. He shall request the local
grass-roots organization or the unit to which the party to the action belongs to
send persons to participate in the inspection. ”
當(dāng)事人或者當(dāng)事人的成年家屬應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)綀?，拒不到場的，不影響勘驗的進行。
“The party concerned or an adult member of his family shall be present； their
refusal to appear on the scene， however， shall not hinder the inspection. ”
有關(guān)單位和個人根據(jù)人民法院的通知，有義務(wù)保護現(xiàn)場，協(xié)助勘驗工作。
“Upon notification by the people's court， the relevant units and individuals
shall be under the obligation of preserving the site and assisting the
inspection. ”
勘驗人應(yīng)當(dāng)將勘驗情況和結(jié)果制作筆錄，由勘驗人、當(dāng)事人和被邀參加人簽名或者蓋章。
“The inspector shall make a written record of the circumstances and results of
the inspection， which shall be duly signed or sealed by the inspector， the party
concerned and the participants requested to be present.”
第七十四條 在證據(jù)可能滅失或者以后難以取得的情況下，訴訟參加人可以向人民法院申請保全證據(jù)，人民法院也可以主動采取保全措施。
“Article 74 Under circumstances where there is a likelihood that evidence may
be destroyed or lost， or difficult to obtain later， the participants in the
proceedings may apply to the people's court for preservation of the evidence.
The people's court may also on its own initiative take measures to preserve such
evidence.”
第一編 總 則 第七章 期間、送達 第一節(jié) 期 間Chapter VII Time Periods and Service Section 1 Time
Periods
第七十五條 期間包括法定期間和人民法院指定的期間。
Article 75 Time periods shall include those prescribed by the law and those
designated by a people's court.
期間以時、日、月、年計算。
“Time periods shall be calculated by the hour， the day， the month and the
year. ”
期間開始的時和日，不計算在期間內(nèi)。
The hour and day from which a time period begins shall not be counted as
within the time period.
期間屆滿的最后一日是節(jié)假日的，以節(jié)假日后的第一日為期間屆滿的日期。
“If the expiration date of a time period falls on a holiday， then the day
immediately following the holiday shall be regarded as the expiration date.”
期間不包括在途時間，訴訟文書在期滿前交郵的，不算過期。
A time period shall not include travelling time. A litigation document that is
mailed before the deadline shall not be regarded as overdue.
第七十六條 當(dāng)事人因不可抗拒的事由或者其他正當(dāng)理由耽誤期限的，在障礙消除后的十日內(nèi)，可以申請順延期限，是否準許，由人民法院決定。
“Article 76 In case of failure on the part of a party to an action to meet a
deadline due to force majeure or for other justified reasons， the party
concerned may apply for an extension of the time limit within 10 days after the
obstacle is removed. The extension applied for shall be subject to approval by a
people's court.”
第二節(jié) 送 達Section 2 Service
第七十七條 送達訴訟文書必須有送達回證，由受送達人在送達回證上記明收到日期，簽名或者蓋章。
Article 77 A receipt shall be required for every litigation document that is
served and it shall bear the date of receipt noted by the signature or seal of
the person on whom the document was served.
受送達人在送達回證上的簽收日期為送達日期。
The date noted on the receipt by the person on whom the document was served
shall be regarded as the date of service of the document.
第七十八條
送達訴訟文書，應(yīng)當(dāng)直接送交受送達人。受送達人是公民的，本人不在交他的同住成年家屬簽收；受送達人是法人或者其他組織的，應(yīng)當(dāng)由法人的法定代表人、其他組織的主要負責(zé)人或者該法人、組織負責(zé)收件的人簽收；受送達人有訴訟代理人的，可以送交其代理人簽收；受送達人已向人民法院指定代收人的，送交代收人簽收。
“Article 78 Litigation documents shall be sent or delivered directly to the
person on whom they are to be served. If that person is a citizen， the documents
shall， in case of his absence， be receipted by an adult member of his family
living with him. If the person on whom they are to be served is a legal person
or any other organization， the documents shall be receipted by the legal
representatives of the legal person or the principal heads of the other
organization or anyone of the legal person or the other organization responsible
for receiving such documents； if the person on whom they are to be served has an
agent ad litem， the documents may be receipted by the agent ad litem； if the
person on whom they are to be served has designated a person to receive
litigation documents on his behalf and has informed the people's court of it，
the documents may be receipted by the person designated.”
受送達人的同住成年家屬，法人或者其他組織的負責(zé)收件的人，訴訟代理人或者代收人在送達回證上簽收的日期為送達日期。
“The date put down in the receipt and signed by the adult family member living
with the person or whom the litigation documents are to be served， or by the
person responsible for receiving documents of a legal person or any other
organization， or by the agent ad litem， or the person designated to receive
documents shall be deemed the date of service of the documents.”
第七十九條
受送達人或者他的同住成年家屬拒絕接收訴訟文書的，送達人應(yīng)當(dāng)邀請有關(guān)基層組織或者所在單位的代表到場，說明情況，在送達回證上記明拒收事由和日期，“Article
79 If the person on whom the litigation documents are to be served or the adult
family member living with him refuses to receive the documents， the person
serving the documents shall ask representatives from the relevant grass-roots
organization or the unit to which the person on whom the documents are to be
served belongs to appear on the scene， explain the situation to them， and record
on the receipt the reasons of the refusal and the date of it. ”
由送達人、見證人簽名或者蓋章，把訴訟文書留在受送達人的住所，即視為送達。
“After the person serving the documents and the witnesses have affixed their
signatures or seals to the receipt， the documents shall be left at the place
where the person on whom they are to be served lives and the service shall be
deemed completed.”
第八十條 直接送達訴訟文書有困難的，可以委托其他人民法院代為送達，或者郵寄送達。郵寄送達的，以回執(zhí)上注明的收件日期為送達日期。
“Article 80 If direct service proves to be difficult， service of litigation
documents may be entrusted to another people's court， or done by mail. If the
documents are served by mail， the date stated on the receipt for postal delivery
shall be deemed the date of service of the documents.”
第八十一條 受送達人是軍人的，通過其所在部隊團以上單位的政治機關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)交。
“Article 81 If the person on whom the litigation documents are to be served is
a military-man， the documents shall be forwarded to him through the political
organ of the unit at or above the regimental level in the force to which he
belongs.”
第八十二條 受送達人是被監(jiān)禁的，通過其所在監(jiān)所或者勞動改造單位轉(zhuǎn)交。
“Article 82 If the person on whom the litigation documents are to be served is
in imprisonment， the documents shall be forwarded to him through the prison
authorities or the unit of reform through labour where the person is serving his
term.”
受送達人是被勞動教養(yǎng)的，通過其所在勞動教養(yǎng)單位轉(zhuǎn)交。
“If the person on whom the litigation documents are to be served is undergoing
rehabilitation through labour， the documents shall be forwarded to him through
the unit of his rehabilitation through labour.”
第八十三條 代為轉(zhuǎn)交的機關(guān)、單位收到訴訟文書后，必須立即交受送達人簽收，以在送達回證上的簽收日期，為送達日期。
Article 83 The organization or unit that receives the litigation documents to
be forwarded must immediately deliver them to and have them receipted by the
person on whom they are to be served. The date stated on the receipt shall be
deemed the date of service of the documents.
第八十四條 受送達人下落不明，或者用本節(jié)規(guī)定的其他方式無法送達的，公告送達。
“Article 84 If the whereabouts of the person on whom the litigation documents
are to be served is unknown， or if the documents cannot be served by the other
methods specified in this Section， the documents shall be served by public
announcement. ”
自發(fā)出公告之日起，經(jīng)過六十日，即視為送達。
“Sixty days after the public announcement is made， the documents shall be
deemed to have been served.”
公告送達，應(yīng)當(dāng)在案卷中記明原因和經(jīng)過。
The reasons for service by public announcement and the process gone through
shall be recorded in the case files.
第八章 調(diào) 解Chapter VIII Conciliation
第八十五條 人民法院審理民事案件，根據(jù)當(dāng)事人自愿的原則，在事實清楚的基礎(chǔ)上，分清是非，進行調(diào)解。
“Article 85 In the trial of civil cases， the people's court shall distinguish
between right and wrong on the basis of the facts being clear and conduct
conciliation between the parties on a voluntary basis.”
第八十六條 人民法院進行調(diào)解，可以由審判員一人主持，也可以由合議庭主持，并盡可能就地進行。
“Article 86 When a people's court conducts conciliation， a single judge or a
collegial panel may preside over it. Conciliation shall be conducted on the spot
as much as possible.”
人民法院進行調(diào)解，可以用簡便方式通知當(dāng)事人、證人到庭。
“When a people's court conducts conciliation， it may employ simplified methods
to notify the parties concerned and the witnesses to appear in court.”
第八十七條 人民法院進行調(diào)解，可以邀請有關(guān)單位和個人協(xié)助。
“Article 87 When a people's court conducts conciliation， it may invite the
units or individuals concerned to come to its assistance.”
被邀請的單位和個人，應(yīng)當(dāng)協(xié)助人民法院進行調(diào)解。
The units or individuals invited shall assist the people's court in
conciliation.
第八十八條 調(diào)解達成協(xié)議，必須雙方自愿，不得強迫。
Article 88 A settlement agreement reached between the two parties through
conciliation must be of their own free will and without compulsion.
調(diào)解協(xié)議的內(nèi)容不得違反法律規(guī)定。
The content of the settlement agreement shall not contravene the law.
第八十九條 調(diào)解達成協(xié)議，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)制作調(diào)解書。
“Article 89 When a settlement agreement through conciliation is reached， the
people's court shall draw up a conciliation statement. ”
調(diào)解書應(yīng)當(dāng)寫明訴訟請求、案件的事實和調(diào)解結(jié)果。
“The conciliation statement shall clearly set forth the claims， the facts of
the case， and the result of the conciliation.”
調(diào)解書由審判人員、書記員署名，加蓋人民法院印章，送達雙方當(dāng)事人。
“The conciliation statement shall be signed by the judge and the court clerk，
sealed by the people's court， and served on both parties.”
調(diào)解書經(jīng)雙方當(dāng)事人簽收后，即具有法律效力。
“Once it is receipted by the two parties concerned， the conciliation statement
shall become legally effective.”
第九十條 下列案件調(diào)解達成協(xié)議，人民法院可以不制作調(diào)解書：
Article 90 The people's court need not draw up a conciliation statement for
the following cases when a settlement agreement is reached through conciliation：
（一）調(diào)解和好的離婚案件；
（1） divorce cases in which both parties have become reconciled after
conciliation；
?。ǘ┱{(diào)解維持收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的案件；
（2） cases in which adoptive relationship has been maintained through
conciliation；
?。ㄈ┠軌蚣磿r履行的案件；
?。?） cases in which the claims can be immediately satisfied；
?。ㄋ模┢渌恍枰谱髡{(diào)解書的案件。
and （4） other cases that do not require a conciliation statement.
對不需要制作調(diào)解書的協(xié)議，應(yīng)當(dāng)記入筆錄，由雙方當(dāng)事人、審判人員、書記員簽名或者蓋章后，即具有法律效力。
“Any settlement agreement that needs no conciliation statement shall be
entered into the written record and shall become legally effective after being
signed or sealed by both parties concerned， by the judge and by the court
clerk.”
第九十一條 調(diào)解未達成協(xié)議或者調(diào)解書送達前一方反悔的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)及時判決。
“Article 91 If no agreement is reached through conciliation or if either party
backs out of the settlement agreement before the conciliation statement is
served， the people's court shall render a judgment without delay.”
第九章 財產(chǎn)保全和先予執(zhí)行Chapter IX Property Preservation and Advance Execution
第九十二條 人民法院對于可能因當(dāng)事人一方的行為或者其他原因，使判決不能執(zhí)行或者難以執(zhí)行的案件，可以根據(jù)對方當(dāng)事人的申請，作出財產(chǎn)保全的裁定；
“Article 92 In the cases where the execution of a judgment may become
impossible or difficult because of the acts of either party or for other
reasons， the people's court may， at the application of the other party， order
the adoption of measures for property preservation. ”
當(dāng)事人沒有提出申請的，人民法院在必要時也可以裁定采取財產(chǎn)保全措施。
“In the absence of such application， the people's court may of itself， when
necessary， order the adoption of measures for property preservation.”
人民法院采取財產(chǎn)保全措施，可以責(zé)令申請人提供擔(dān)保；申請人不提供擔(dān)保的，駁回申請。
“In adopting property preservation measures， the people's court may enjoin the
applicant to provide security； if the applicant fails to do so， his application
shall be rejected.”
人民法院接受申請后，對情況緊急的，必須在四十八小時內(nèi)作出裁定；
“After receiving an application， the people's court must， if the case is
urgent， make an order within 48 hours； ”
裁定采取財產(chǎn)保全措施的，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即開始執(zhí)行。
“if the order for the adoption of property preservation measures is made， the
execution thereof shall begin immediately.”
第九十三條 利害關(guān)系人因情況緊急，不立即申請財產(chǎn)保全將會使其合法權(quán)益受到難以彌補的損害的，可以在起訴前向人民法院申請采取財產(chǎn)保全措施。
“Article 93 Any interested party whose lawful rights and interests would， due
to urgent circumstances， suffer irretrievable damage without immediately
applying for property preservation， may， before filing a lawsuit， apply to the
people's court for the adoption of property preservation measures. ”
申請人應(yīng)當(dāng)提供擔(dān)保，不提供擔(dān)保的，駁回申請。
“The applicant must provide security； if he fails to do so， his application
shall be rejected.”
人民法院接受申請后，必須在四十八小時內(nèi)作出裁定；裁定采取財產(chǎn)保全措施的，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即開始執(zhí)行。
“After receiving an application， the people's court must make an order within
48 hours； if the court orders the adoption of property preservation measures，
the execution thereof shall begin immediately.”
申請人在人民法院采取保全措施后十五日內(nèi)不起訴的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)解除財產(chǎn)保全。
“If the applicant fails to bring an action within 15 days after the people's
court has adopted the preservation measures， the people's court shall cancel the
property preservation.”
第九十四條 財產(chǎn)保全限于請求的范圍，或者與本案有關(guān)的財物。
Article 94 Property preservation shall be limited to the scope of the claims
or to the property relevant to the case.
財產(chǎn)保全采取查封、扣押、凍結(jié)或者法律規(guī)定的其他方法。
“Property preservation shall be effected by sealing up， distraining， freezing
or other methods as prescribed by the law.”
人民法院凍結(jié)財產(chǎn)后，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即通知被凍結(jié)財產(chǎn)的人。
“After the people's court has frozen the property， it shall promptly notify
the person whose property has been frozen.”
財產(chǎn)已被查封、凍結(jié)的，不得重復(fù)查封、凍結(jié)。
The property that has already been sealed up or frozen shall not be sealed up
or frozen for a second time.
第九十五條 被申請人提供擔(dān)保的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)解除財產(chǎn)保全。
“Article 95 If the person against whom the application for property
reservation is made provides security， the people's court shall cancel the
property reservation.”
第九十六條 申請有錯誤的，申請人應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償被申請人因財產(chǎn)保全所遭受的損失。
“Article 96 If an application for property preservation is wrongfully made，
the applicant shall compensate the person against whom the application is made
for any loss incurred from property preservation.”
第九十七條 人民法院對下列案件，根據(jù)當(dāng)事人的申請，可以裁定先予執(zhí)行：
“Article 97 The people's court may， upon application of the party concerned，
order advance execution in respect of the following cases： ”
?。ㄒ唬┳匪髻狆B(yǎng)費、扶養(yǎng)費、撫育費、撫恤金、醫(yī)療費用的；
“（1） those involving claims for alimony， support for children or elders，
pension for the disabled or the family of a decedent， or expenses for medical
care； ”
?。ǘ┳匪鲃趧訄蟪甑?；
?。?） those involving claims for remuneration for labour；
（三）因情況緊急需要先予執(zhí)行的。
and （3） those involving urgent circumstances that require advance execution.
第九十八條 人民法院裁定先予執(zhí)行的，應(yīng)當(dāng)符合下列條件：
Article 98 Cases in which advance execution is ordered by the people's court
shall meet the following conditions：
?。ㄒ唬┊?dāng)事人之間權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系明確，不先予執(zhí)行將嚴重影響申請人的生活或者生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的；
“ （1） the relationship of rights and obligations between the parties concerned
is clear and definite， and denial of advance execution would seriously affect
the livelihood or production operations of the applicant； ”
?。ǘ┍簧暾埲擞新男心芰?。
and （2） the person against whom the application for advance execution is made
is capable of fulfilling his obligations.
人民法院可以責(zé)令申請人提供擔(dān)保，申請人不提供擔(dān)保的，駁回申請。
“The people's court may enjoin the applicant to provide security； if the
applicant fails to do so， his application shall be rejected. ”
申請人敗訴的，應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償被申請人因先予執(zhí)行遭受的財產(chǎn)損失。
“If the applicant loses the lawsuit， he shall compensate the person against
whom the application is made for any loss of property incurred from the advance
execution.”
第九十九條 當(dāng)事人對財產(chǎn)保全或者先予執(zhí)行的裁定不服的，可以申請復(fù)議一次。
“Article 99 If the party concerned is not satisfied with the order made on
property preservation or execution， he may apply for reconsideration which could
be granted only once. ”
復(fù)議期間不停止裁定的執(zhí)行。
Execution of the order shall not be suspended during the time of
reconsideration.
第十章 對妨害民事訴訟的強制措施Chapter X Compulsory Measures Against Obstruction of CivilProc
eedings
第一百條 人民法院對必須到庭的被告，經(jīng)兩次傳票傳喚，無正當(dāng)理由拒不到庭的，可以拘傳。
“Article 100 If a defendant is required to appear in court， but， having been
served twice with summons， still refuses to do so without justified reason， the
people's court may constrain him to appear in court by a peremptory writ.”
第一百零一條 訴訟參與人和其他人應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法庭規(guī)則。
Article 101 Participants and other persons in the court proceedings shall
abide by the court rules.
人民法院對違反法庭規(guī)則的人，可以予以訓(xùn)誡，責(zé)令退出法庭或者予以罰款、拘留。
“If a person violates the court rules， the people's court may reprimand him，
or order him to leave the courtroom， or impose a fine on or detain him.”
人民法院對哄鬧、沖擊法庭，侮辱、誹謗、威脅、毆打?qū)徟腥藛T，嚴重擾亂法庭秩序的人，依法追究刑事責(zé)任；情節(jié)較輕的，予以罰款、拘留。
“A person who seriously disrupts court order by making an uproar in the court
or rushing at it， or insulting， slandering， threatening， or assaulting the
judicial officers， shall be investigated for criminal responsibility by the
people's court according to the law； if the offence is a minor one， the offender
may be detained or a fine imposed on him.”
第一百零二條 訴訟參與人或者其他人有下列行為之一的，人民法院可以根據(jù)情節(jié)輕重予以罰款、拘留；構(gòu)成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責(zé)任：
“Article 102 If a participant or any other person in the proceedings commits
any one of the following acts， the people's court shall， according to the
seriousness of the act， impose a fine on him or detain him； if the act
constitutes a crime， the offender shall be investigated for criminal
responsibility according to law.”
（一）偽造、毀滅重要證據(jù)，妨礙人民法院審理案件的；
“（1） forging or destroying important evidence， which would obstruct the trial
of a case by the people's court； ”
?。ǘ┮员┝?、威脅、賄買方法阻止證人作證或者指使、賄買、脅迫他人作偽證的；
“（2） using violence， threats or subordination to prevent a witness from giving
testimony， or instigating， suborning， or coercing others to commit perjury； ”
?。ㄈ╇[藏、轉(zhuǎn)移、變賣、毀損已被查封、扣押的財產(chǎn)，或者已被清點并責(zé)令其保管的財產(chǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)移已被凍結(jié)的財產(chǎn)的；
“（3） concealing， transferring， selling or destroying property that has been
sealed up or distrained， or property of which an inventory has been made and
which has been put under his care according to court instruction， or
transferring the property that has been frozen； ”
?。ㄋ模λ痉üぷ魅藛T、訴訟參加人、證人、翻譯人員、鑒定人、勘驗人、協(xié)助執(zhí)行的人，進行侮辱、誹謗、誣陷、毆打或者打擊報復(fù)的；
“（4） insulting， slandering， incriminating with false charges， assaulting or
maliciously retaliating against judicial officers or personnel， participants in
the proceedings， witnesses， interpreters， evaluation experts， inspectors， or
personnel assisting in execution； ”
?。ㄎ澹┮员┝?、威脅或者其他方法阻礙司法工作人員執(zhí)行職務(wù)的；
“（5） using violence， threats or other means to hinder judicial officers or
personnel from performing their duties； ”
?。┚懿宦男腥嗣穹ㄔ阂呀?jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定的。
or （6） refusing to carry out legally effective judgments or orders of the
people's court.
人民法院對有前款規(guī)定的行為之一的單位，可以對其主要負責(zé)人或者直接責(zé)任人員予以罰款、拘留；構(gòu)成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責(zé)任。
“With respect to a unit that commits any one of the acts specified above， the
people's court may impose a fine on or detain its principal heads or the persons
who are held actually responsible for the act； if the act constitutes a crime，
investigations for criminal responsibility shall be made according to the law.”
第一百零三條 有義務(wù)協(xié)助調(diào)查、執(zhí)行的單位有下列行為之一的，人民法院除責(zé)令其履行協(xié)助義務(wù)外，并可以予以罰款：
“Article 103 Where a unit which is under an obligation to assist in
investigation and execution commits any one of the following acts， the people's
court may， apart from enjoining it to perform its obligation， also impose a
fine：”
?。ㄒ唬┯嘘P(guān)單位拒絕或者妨礙人民法院調(diào)查取證的；
?。?） refusing or obstructing the investigation and collection of evidence by
the people's court；
?。ǘ┿y行、信用合作社和其他有儲蓄業(yè)務(wù)的單位接到人民法院協(xié)助執(zhí)行通知書后，拒不協(xié)助查詢、凍結(jié)或者劃撥存款的；
“ （2） refusing by banks， credit cooperatives or other units dealing with
savings deposit， after receiving a notice for assistance in execution from the
people's court， to assist in inquiring into， freezing or transferring the
relevant deposit.”
?。ㄈ┯嘘P(guān)單位接到人民法院協(xié)助執(zhí)行通知書后，拒不協(xié)助扣留被執(zhí)行人的收入、辦理有關(guān)財產(chǎn)權(quán)證照轉(zhuǎn)移手續(xù)、轉(zhuǎn)交有關(guān)票證、證照或者其他財產(chǎn)的；
“（3） refusing by the unit concerned， after receiving a notice for assistance
in execution from the people's court， to assist in withholding the income of the
party subject to execution， in going through the formalities of transferring the
relevant certificates of property rights or in transferring the relevant
negotiable instruments， certificates， or other property； ”
?。ㄋ模┢渌芙^協(xié)助執(zhí)行的。
or （4） refusing to provide other obligatory assistance in the execution.
人民法院對有前款規(guī)定的行為之一的單位，可以對其主要負責(zé)人或者直接責(zé)任人員予以罰款；
“With respect to a unit that commits any one of the acts specified above， the
people's court may impose a fine on its principal heads or the persons who are
held actually responsible for the act. ”
還可以向監(jiān)察機關(guān)或者有關(guān)機關(guān)提出予以紀律處分的司法建議。
The people's court may also put forward a judicial proposal to the supervisory
organ or any relevant organ for the imposition of disciplinary sanctions.
第一百零四條 對個人的罰款金額，為人民幣一千元以下。
“Article 104 A fine on an individual shall not exceed Renminbi 1，000 yuan. ”
對單位的罰款金額，為人民幣一千元以上三萬元以下。
“A fine on a unit shall not be less than Renminbi 1，000 yuan and shall not
exceed Renminbi 30，000 yuan.”
拘留的期限，為十五日以下。
The period of detention shall not be longer than 15 days.
被拘留的人，由人民法院交公安機關(guān)看管。在拘留期間，被拘留人承認并改正錯誤的，人民法院可以決定提前解除拘留。
“The people's court shall deliver detained persons to a public security organ
for custody. The people's court may decide to advance the time of release， if
the detainee admits and mends his wrongdoings.”
第一百零五條 拘傳、罰款、拘留必須經(jīng)院長批準。
“Article 105 Constrained appearance in court， imposition of a fine or
detention shall be subject to the approval of the president of the people's
court.”
拘傳應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)拘傳票。
A peremptory writ shall be issued for constraining appearance in court.
罰款、拘留應(yīng)當(dāng)用決定書。
A decision in writing shall be made for the imposition of a fine or detention.
對決定不服的，可以向上一級人民法院申請復(fù)議一次。
“The offender， if dissatisfied with the decision， may apply to a people's
court at a higher level for reconsideration which could be granted only once. ”
復(fù)議期間不停止執(zhí)行。
The execution of the decision shall not be suspended during the time of
reconsideration.
第一百零六條 采取對妨害民事訴訟的強制措施必須由人民法院決定。
Article 106 Decision on the adoption of compulsory measures against
obstruction of proceedings shall be made only by the people's court.
任何單位和個人采取非法拘禁他人或者非法私自扣押他人財產(chǎn)追索債務(wù)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法追究刑事責(zé)任，或者予以拘留、罰款。
“Any unit or individual that extorts repayment of a debt by illegal detention
of a person or illegal distrainment of property shall be investigated for
criminal responsibility according to the law， or shall be punished with
detention or a fine.”
第十一章 訴訟費用Chapter XI Litigation Costs
第一百零七條 當(dāng)事人進行民事訴訟，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照規(guī)定交納案件受理費。
Article 107 Any party filing a civil lawsuit shall pay court costs according
to the rules.
財產(chǎn)案件除交納案件受理費外，并按照規(guī)定交納其他訴訟費用。
“For property cases， the party shall pay other fees in addition to the court
costs.”
當(dāng)事人交納訴訟費用確有困難的，可以按照規(guī)定向人民法院申請緩交、減交或者免交。
“Any party that has genuine difficulty in paying litigation costs may，
according to the relevant rules， apply to the people's court for deferment or
reduction of the payment or for its exemption.”
收取訴訟費用的辦法另行制定。
Particulars for payment of litigation costs shall be laid down separately.
第二編 審判程序 第十二章 第一審普通程序 第一節(jié) 起訴和受理PART TWO TRIAL PROCEDURE Chapter XII Ordinary
Procedure of First Instance Section 1 Bringing a Lawsuit and Entertaining a Case
第一百零八條 起訴必須符合下列條件：
Article 108 The following conditions must be met when a lawsuit is brought：
?。ㄒ唬┰媸桥c本案有直接利害關(guān)系的公民、法人和其他組織；
“（1） the plaintiff must be a citizen， legal person or any other organization
that has a direct interest in the case； ”
?。ǘ┯忻鞔_的被告；
（2） there must be a definite defendant；
?。ㄈ┯芯唧w的訴訟請求和事實、理由；
“（3） there must be specific claim or claims， facts， and cause or causes for
the suit；”
?。ㄋ模儆谌嗣穹ㄔ菏芾砻袷略V訟的范圍和受訴人民法院管轄。
and （4） the suit must be within the scope of acceptance for civil actions by
the people's court and under the jurisdiction of the people's court where the
suit is entertained.
第一百零九條 起訴應(yīng)當(dāng)向人民法院遞交起訴狀，并按照被告人數(shù)提出副本。
“Article 109 When a lawsuit is brought， a statement of complaint shall be
submitted to the people's court， and copies of the statement shall be provided
according to the number of defendants.”
書寫起訴狀確有困難的，可以口頭起訴，由人民法院記入筆錄，并告知對方當(dāng)事人。
“If the plaintiff has genuine difficulty in presenting the statement of
complaint in writing， he may state his complaint orally； the people's court
shall transcribe the complaint and inform the other party of it accordingly.”
第一百一十條 起訴狀應(yīng)當(dāng)記明下列事項：
Article 110 A statement of complaint shall clearly set forth the following：
（一）當(dāng)事人的姓名、性別、年齡、民族、職業(yè)、工作單位和住所，法人或者其他組織的名稱、住所和法定代表人或者主要負責(zé)人的姓名、職務(wù)；
“（1） the name， sex， age， ethnic status， occupation， work unit and home address
of the parties to the case； if the parties are legal persons or any other
organizations， their names， addresses and the names and posts of the legal
representatives or the principal heads.”
?。ǘ┰V訟請求和所根據(jù)的事實與理由；
“（2） the claim or claims of the suit， the facts and grounds on which the suit
is based； ”
?。ㄈ┳C據(jù)和證據(jù)來源，證人姓名和住所。
“and （3） the evidence and its source， as well as the names and home addresses
of the witnesses.”
第一百一十一條 人民法院對符合本法第一百零八條的起訴，必須受理；對下列起訴，分別情形，予以處理：
“Article 111 The people's court must entertain the lawsuits filed in
conformity with the provisions of Article 108 of this Law. With respect to
lawsuits described below， the people's court shall deal with them in the light
of their specific circumstances： ”
?。ㄒ唬┮勒招姓V訟法的規(guī)定，屬于行政訴訟受案范圍的，告知原告提起行政訴訟；
“（1） for a lawsuit within the scope of administrative actions in accordance
with the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Law， the people's court
shall advise the plaintiff to institute administrative proceedings； ”
?。ǘ┮勒辗梢?guī)定，雙方當(dāng)事人對合同糾紛自愿達成書面仲裁協(xié)議向仲裁機構(gòu)申請仲裁、不得向人民法院起訴的，告知原告向仲裁機構(gòu)申請仲裁；
“（2） if， according to the law， both parties have on a voluntary basis reached
a written agreement to submit their contract dispute to an arbitral organ for
arbitration， they may not institute legal proceedings in a people's court. The
people's court shall advise the plaintiff to apply to the arbitral organ for
arbitration； ”
?。ㄈ┮勒辗梢?guī)定，應(yīng)當(dāng)由其他機關(guān)處理的爭議，告知原告向有關(guān)機關(guān)申請解決；
“（3） in case of disputes which， according to the law， shall be dealt with by
other organs， the people's court shall advise the plaintiff to apply to the
relevant organ for settlement；”
?。ㄋ模Σ粚儆诒驹汗茌牭陌讣?，告知原告向有管轄權(quán)的人民法院起訴；
“ （4） with respect to cases that are not under its jurisdiction， the people's
court shall advise the plaintiff to bring a lawsuit in the competent people's
court； ”
?。ㄎ澹ε袥Q、裁定已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的案件，當(dāng)事人又起訴的，告知原告按照申訴處理，但人民法院準許撤訴的裁定除外；
“（5） with respect to cases in which a judgment or order has already taken
legal effect， but either party brings a suit again， the people's court shall
advise that party to file an appeal instead， except when the order of the
people's court is one that permits the withdrawal of a suit； ”
?。┮勒辗梢?guī)定，在一定期限內(nèi)不得起訴的案件，在不得起訴的期限內(nèi)起訴的，不予受理；
“（6） with respect to an action that may not be filed within a specified period
according to the law， it shall not be entertained， if it is filed during that
period.”
?。ㄆ撸┡袥Q不準離婚和調(diào)解和好的離婚案件，判決、調(diào)解維持收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的案件，沒有新情況、新理由，原告在六個月內(nèi)又起訴的，不予受理。
“（7） in a divorce case in which a judgment has been made disallowing the
divorce， or in which both parties have become reconciled after conciliation， or
in a case concerning adoptive relationship in which a judgment has been made or
conciliation has been successfully conducted to maintain the adoptive
relation-ship， if the plaintiff files a suit again within six months in the
absence of any new developments or new reasons， it shall not be entertained.”
第一百一十二條 人民法院收到起訴狀或者口頭起訴，經(jīng)審查，認為符合起訴條件的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在七日內(nèi)立案，并通知當(dāng)事人；
“Article 112 When a people's court receives a statement of complaint or an
oral complaint and finds after examination that it meets the requirements for
acceptance， the court shall place the case on the docket within seven days and
notify the parties concerned； ”
認為不符合起訴條件的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在七日內(nèi)裁定不予受理；
if it does not meet the requirements for acceptance the court shall make an
order within seven days to reject it.
原告對裁定不服的，可以提起上訴。
“The plaintiff， if not satisfied with the order， may file an appeal.”
第二節(jié) 審理前的準備Section 2 Preparations for Trial
第一百一十三條 人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)在立案之日起五日內(nèi)將起訴狀副本發(fā)送被告，被告在收到之日起十五日內(nèi)提出答辯狀。
“Article 113 The people's court shall send a copy of the statement of
complaint to the defendant within five days after docketing the case， and the
defendant shall file a defence within 15 days from receipt of the copy of the
statement of complaint. ”
被告提出答辯狀的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)在收到之日起五日內(nèi)將答辯狀副本發(fā)送原告。
“When the defendant files a defence， the people's court shall send a copy of
it to the plaintiff within five days from its receipt. ”
被告不提出答辯狀的，不影響人民法院審理。
Failure by the defendant to file a defence shall not prevent the case from
being tried by the people's court.
第一百一十四條 人民法院對決定受理的案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)在受理案件通知書和應(yīng)訴通知書中向當(dāng)事人告知有關(guān)的訴訟權(quán)利義務(wù)，或者口頭告知。
“Article 114 The people's court shall， with respect to cases whose acceptance
has been decided， inform the parties in the notification of acceptance and in
the notification calling for responses to the action of their relevant
litigation rights and obligations of which the parties may likewise be informed
orally.”
第一百一十五條 合議庭組成人員確定后，應(yīng)當(dāng)在三內(nèi)日告知當(dāng)事人。
Article 115 The parties shall be notified within three days after the members
of the collegial panel are determined.
第一百一十六條 審判人員必須認真審核訴訟材料，調(diào)查收集必要的證據(jù)。
Article 116 The judicial officers must carefully examine and verify the case
materials and carry out investigations and collection of necessary evidence.
第一百一十七條 人民法院派出人員進行調(diào)查時，應(yīng)當(dāng)向被調(diào)查人出示證件。
Article 117 The personnel sent by a people's court to conduct investigations
shall produce their credentials before the person to be investigated.
調(diào)查筆錄經(jīng)被調(diào)查人校閱后，由被調(diào)查人、調(diào)查人簽名或者蓋章。
The written record of an investigation shall be checked by the person
investigated and then signed or sealed by both the investigator and the
investigated.
第一百一十八條 人民法院在必要時可以委托外地人民法院調(diào)查。
“Article 118 A people's court may， when necessary， entrust a people's court in
another locality with the investigations.”
委托調(diào)查，必須提出明確的項目和要求。
The entrusting people's court shall clearly set out the matters for and
requirements of the entrusted investigations.
受委托人民法院可以主動補充調(diào)查。
The entrusted people's court may on its own initiative conduct supplementary
investigations.
受委托人民法院收到委托書后，應(yīng)當(dāng)在三十日內(nèi)完成調(diào)查。
The entrusted people's court shall complete the investigations within 30 days
after receiving the commission in writing.
因故不能完成的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在上述期限內(nèi)函告委托人民法院。
“If for some reason it cannot complete the investigations， the said people's
court shall notify the entrusting people's court in writing within the
above-mentioned time limit.”
第一百一十九條 必須共同進行訴訟的當(dāng)事人沒有參加訴訟的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)通知其參加訴訟。
“Article 119 If a party who must participate in a joint action fails to
participate in the proceedings， the people's court shall notify him to
participate.”
第三節(jié) 開庭審理Section 3 Trial in Court
第一百二十條 人民法院審理民事案件，除涉及國家秘密、個人隱私或者法律另有規(guī)定的以外，應(yīng)當(dāng)公開進行。
“Article 120 Civil cases shall be tried in public， except for those that
involve State secrets or personal privacy or are to be tried otherwise as
provided by the law.”
離婚案件，涉及商業(yè)秘密的案件，當(dāng)事人申請不公開審理的，可以不公開審理。
A divorce case or a case involving trade secrets may not be heard in public if
a party so requests.
第一百二十一條 人民法院審理民事案件，根據(jù)需要進行巡回審理，就地辦案。
“Article 121 For civil cases， the people's court shall， whenever necessary， go
on circuit to hold trials on the spot.”
第一百二十二條 人民法院審理民事案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)在開庭三日前通知當(dāng)事人和其他訴訟參與人。公開審理的，應(yīng)當(dāng)公告當(dāng)事人姓名、案由和開庭的時間、地點。
“Article 122 For civil cases， the people's court shall notify the parties and
other participants in the proceedings three days before the opening of a court
session. If a case is to be tried in public， the names of the parties， the cause
of action and the time and location of the court session shall be announced
publicly.”
第一百二十三條 開庭審理前，書記員應(yīng)當(dāng)查明當(dāng)事人和其他訴訟參與人是否到庭，宣布法庭紀律。
“Article 123 Before a court session is called to order， the court clerk shall
ascertain whether or not the parties and other participants in the proceedings
are present and announce the rules of order of the court.”
開庭審理時，由審判長核對當(dāng)事人，宣布案由，宣布審判人員、書記員名單，告知當(dāng)事人有關(guān)的訴訟權(quán)利義務(wù)，詢問當(dāng)事人是否提出回避申請。
“At the beginning of a court session， the presiding judge shall check the
parties present， announce the cause of action and the names of the judicial
officers and court clerks， inform the parties of their relevant litigation
rights and obligations and ask the parties whether or not they wish to apply for
the withdrawal of any court personnel.”
第一百二十四條 法庭調(diào)查按照下列順序進行：
Article 124 Court investigation shall be conducted in the following order：
?。ㄒ唬┊?dāng)事人陳述；
?。?） statements by the parties；
（二）告知證人的權(quán)利義務(wù)，證人作證，宣讀未到庭的證人證言；
“（2） informing the witnesses of their rights and obligations， giving testimony
by the witnesses and reading of the written statements of absentee witnesses； ”
?。ㄈ┏鍪緯C、物證和視聽資料；
“（3） presentation of documentary evidence， material evidence and audio-visual
material； ”
?。ㄋ模┬x鑒定結(jié)論；
?。?） reading of expert conclusions；
?。ㄎ澹┬x勘驗筆錄。
and （5） reading of records of inspection.
第一百二十五條 當(dāng)事人在法庭上可以提出新的證據(jù)。
Article 125 The parties may present new evidence during a court session.
當(dāng)事人經(jīng)法庭許可，可以向證人、鑒定人、勘驗人發(fā)問。
“With the permission of the court， the parties may put questions to witnesses，
expert witnesses and inspectors.”
當(dāng)事人要求重新進行調(diào)查、鑒定或者勘驗的，是否準許，由人民法院決定。
“Any request by the parties concerned for a new investigation， expert
evaluation or inspection shall be subject to the approval of the people's
court.”
第一百二十六條 原告增加訴訟請求，被告提出反訴，第三人提出與本案有關(guān)的訴訟請求，可以合并審理。
“Article 126 Additional claims by the plaintiff， counterclaims by the
defendant and third-party claims related to the case may be tried in
combination.”
第一百二十七條 法庭辯論按照下列順序進行：
Article 127 Court debate shall be conducted in the following order：
?。ㄒ唬┰婕捌湓V訟代理人發(fā)言；
（1） oral statements by the plaintiff and his agents ad litem；
?。ǘ┍桓婕捌湓V訟代理人答辯；
?。?） defence by the defendant and his agents ad litem；
?。ㄈ┑谌思捌湓V訟代理人發(fā)言或者答辯；
?。?） oral statement or defence by the third party and his agents ad litem；
?。ㄋ模┗ハ噢q論。
?。?） debate between the two sides.
法庭辯論終結(jié)，由審判長按照原告、被告、第三人的先后順序征詢各方最后意見。
“At the end of the court debate， the presiding judge shall ask each side，
first the plaintiff， then the defendant， and then the third party， for their
final opinion respectively.”
第一百二十八條 法庭辯論終結(jié)，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法作出判決。
“Article 128 At the end of the court debate， a judgment shall be made
according to the law. ”
判決前能夠調(diào)解的，還可以進行調(diào)解，調(diào)解不成的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時判決。
“Where conciliation is possible prior to the rendering of a judgment，
conciliation efforts may be made； if conciliation proves to be unsuccessful， a
judgment shall be made without delay.”
第一百二十九條 原告經(jīng)傳票傳喚，無正當(dāng)理由拒不到庭的，或者未經(jīng)法庭許可中途退庭的，可以按撤訴處理；被告反訴的，可以缺席判決。
“Article 129 If a plaintiff， having been served with a summons， refuses to
appear in court without justified reasons， or if he withdraws during a court
session without the permission of the court， the case may be considered as
withdrawn by him； if the defendant files a counterclaim in the mean time， the
court may make a judgment by default.”
第一百三十條 被告經(jīng)傳票傳喚，無正當(dāng)理由拒不到庭的，或者未經(jīng)法庭許可中途退庭的，可以缺席判決。
“Article 130 If a defendant， having been served with a summons， refuses to
appear in court without justified reasons， or if he withdraws during a court
session without the permission of the court， the court may make a judgment by
default.”
第一百三十一條 宣判前，原告申請撤訴的，是否準許，由人民法院裁定。
“Article 131 If a plaintiff applies for withdrawal of the case before the
judgment is pronounced， the people's court shall decide whether to approve or
disapprove it. ”
人民法院裁定不準許撤訴的，原告經(jīng)傳票傳喚，無正當(dāng)理由拒不到庭的，可以缺席判決。
“If withdrawal of the case is not allowed by an order of the people's court，
and the plaintiff， having been served with a summons， refuses to appear in court
without justified reasons， the people's court may make a judgment by default.”
第一百三十二條 有下列情形之一的，可以延期開庭審理：
“Article 132 Under any of the following circumstances， the trial may be
adjourned： ”
?。ㄒ唬┍仨毜酵サ漠?dāng)事人和其他訴訟參與人有正當(dāng)理由沒有到庭的；
?。?） the parties concerned and other participants in the proceedings required
to appear in court fail to do so for justified reasons；
（二）當(dāng)事人臨時提出回避申請的；
?。?） any party concerned makes an extempore application for the withdrawal of a
judicial officer；
?。ㄈ┬枰ㄖ碌淖C人到庭，調(diào)取新的證據(jù)，重新鑒定、勘驗，或者需要補充調(diào)查的；
“or （3） it is necessary to summon new witnesses to court， collect new
evidence， make a new expert evaluation， new inspection， or to make a
supplementary investigation； ”
（四）其他應(yīng)當(dāng)延期的情形。
or （4） other circumstances that warrant the adjournment.
第一百三十三條 書記員應(yīng)當(dāng)將法庭審理的全部活動記入筆錄，由審判人員和書記員簽名。
“Article 133 The court clerk shall make a written record of the entire court
proceedings， which shall be signed by him and the judicial officers.”
法庭筆錄應(yīng)當(dāng)當(dāng)庭宣讀，也可以告知當(dāng)事人和其他訴訟參與人當(dāng)庭或者在五日內(nèi)閱讀。
“The court record shall be read out in court， or else the parties and other
participants in the proceedings may be notified to read the record while in
court or within five days. ”
當(dāng)事人和其他訴訟參與人認為對自己的陳述記錄有遺漏或者差錯的，有權(quán)申請補正。
“If they consider that there are omissions or errors in the record of their
own statements， the parties or other participants in the proceedings shall have
the right to apply for rectifications.”
如果不予補正，應(yīng)當(dāng)將申請記錄在案。
“ If such rectifications are not made， the application shall be placed on
record in the case file.”
法庭筆錄由當(dāng)事人和其他訴訟參與人簽名或者蓋章。拒絕簽名蓋章的，記明情況附卷。
The court record shall be signed or sealed by the parties and other
participants in the proceedings. Refusal to do so shall be put on record in the
case file.
第一百三十四條 人民法院對公開審理或者不公開審理的案件，一律公開宣告判決。
“Article 134 The people's court shall publicly pronounce its judgment in all
cases， whether publicly tried or not.”
當(dāng)庭宣判的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在十日內(nèi)發(fā)送判決書；定期宣判的，宣判后立即發(fā)給判決書。
“If a judgment is pronounced in court， the written judgment shall be issued
and delivered within ten days； if a judgment is pronounced later on a fixed
date， the written judgment shall be issued and given immediately after the
pronouncement.”
宣告判決時，必須告知當(dāng)事人上訴權(quán)利、上訴期限和上訴的法院。
“Upon pronouncement of a judgment， the parties concerned must be informed of
their right to file an appeal， the time limit for appeal and the court to which
they may appeal.”
宣告離婚判決，必須告知當(dāng)事人在判決發(fā)生法律效力前不得另行結(jié)婚。
“Upon pronouncement of a divorce judgment， the parties concerned must be
informed not to remarry before the judgment takes legal effect.”
第一百三十五條 人民法院適用普通程序?qū)徖淼陌讣?，?yīng)當(dāng)在立案之日起六個月內(nèi)審結(jié)。
“Article 135 A people's court trying a case in which the ordinary procedure is
followed， shall conclude the case within six months after docketing the case. ”
有特殊情況需要延長的，由本院院長批準，可以延長六個月；還需要延長的，報請上級人民法院批準。
“Where an extension of the period is necessary under special circumstances， a
six-month extension may be allowed subject to the approval of the president of
the court. Further extension， if needed， shall be reported to the people's court
at a higher level for approval.”
第四節(jié) 訴訟中止和終結(jié)Section 4 Suspension and Termination of Legal Proceedings
第一百三十六條 有下列情形之一的，中止訴訟：
Article 136 Legal proceedings shall be suspended in any of the following
circumstances：
?。ㄒ唬┮环疆?dāng)事人死亡，需要等待繼承人表明是否參加訴訟的；
?。?） one of the parties dies and it is necessary to wait for the heir or
heiress to make clear whether to participate or not in the proceedings；
（二）一方當(dāng)事人喪失訴訟行為能力，尚未確定法定代理人的；
?。?） one of the parties has lost the capacity to engage in litigation and his
agent ad item has not been designated yet；
（三）作為一方當(dāng)事人的法人或者其他組織終止，尚未確定權(quán)利義務(wù)承受人的；
“（3） the legal person or any other organization as one of the parties has
dissolved， and the successor to its rights and obligations has not been
determined yet；”
（四）一方當(dāng)事人因不可抗拒的事由，不能參加訴訟的；
?。?） one of the parties is unable to participate in the proceedings for reasons
of force majeure；
?。ㄎ澹┍景副仨氁粤硪话傅膶徖斫Y(jié)果為依據(jù)，而另一案尚未審結(jié)的；
?。?） the adjudication of the case pending is dependent on the results of the
trial of another case that has not yet been concluded；
?。┢渌麘?yīng)當(dāng)中止訴訟的情形。
or （6） other circumstances that warrant the suspension of the litigation.
中止訴訟的原因消除后，恢復(fù)訴訟。
The proceedings shall resume after the causes of the suspension have been
eliminated.
第一百三十七條 有下列情形之一的，終結(jié)訴訟：
Article 137 Legal proceedings shall be terminated in any of the following
circumstances：
?。ㄒ唬┰嫠劳?，沒有繼承人，或者繼承人放棄訴訟權(quán)利的；
“（1） the plaintiff dies without a successor， or the successor waives the right
to litigate；”
?。ǘ┍桓嫠劳?，沒有遺產(chǎn)，也沒有應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)義務(wù)的人的；
“ （2） the decedent leaves no estate， nor anyone to succeed to his obligations；
”
?。ㄈ╇x婚案件一方當(dāng)事人死亡的；
?。?） one of the parties in a divorce case dies；
?。ㄋ模┳匪髻狆B(yǎng)費、扶養(yǎng)費、撫育費以及解除收養(yǎng)關(guān)系案件的一方當(dāng)事人死亡的。
“ or （4） one of the parties dies who is a claimant to alimony， support for
elders or children or to the termination of adoptive relationship.”
第五節(jié) 判決和裁定Section 5 Judgment and Order
第一百三十八條 判決書應(yīng)當(dāng)寫明：
Article 138 A judgment shall clearly set forth the following：
?。ㄒ唬┌赣伞⒃V訟請求、爭議的事實和理由；
“（1） cause of action， the claims， facts and cause or causes of the dispute； ”
（二）判決認定的事實、理由和適用的法律依據(jù)；
?。?） the facts and causes as found in the judgment and the basis of application
of the law；
?。ㄈ┡袥Q結(jié)果和訴訟費用的負擔(dān)；
?。?） the outcome of adjudication and the costs to be borne；
?。ㄋ模┥显V期間和上訴的法院。
and （4） the time limit for filing an appeal and the appellate court with which
the appeal may be filed.
判決書由審判人員、書記員署名，加蓋人民法院印章。
“The judgment shall be signed by the judicial officers and the court clerk，
with the seal of the people's court affixed to it.”
第一百三十九條 人民法院審理案件，其中一部分事實已經(jīng)清楚，可以就該部分先行判決。
“Article 139 If some of the facts in a case being tried by the people's court
are already evident， the court may pass judgment on that part of the case
first.”
第一百四十條 裁定適用于下列范圍：
Article 140 An order in writing is to be made in any of the following
conditions：
?。ㄒ唬┎挥枋芾恚?
?。?） refusal to entertain a case；
?。ǘ茌牂?quán)有異議的；
?。?） objection to the jurisdiction of a court；
（三）駁回起訴；
（3） rejection of a complaint；
?。ㄋ模┴敭a(chǎn)保全和先予執(zhí)行；
?。?） property preservation and advance execution；
?。ㄎ澹试S或者不準許撤訴；
?。?） approval or disapproval of withdrawal of a suit；
?。┲兄够蛘呓K結(jié)訴訟；
?。?） suspension or termination of legal proceedings；
?。ㄆ撸┭a正判決書中的筆誤；
?。?） correction of errata in the judgment；
?。ò耍┲兄够蛘呓K結(jié)執(zhí)行；
?。?） suspension or termination of execution；
（九）不予執(zhí)行仲裁裁決；
?。?） refusal to enforce an arbitration award；
?。ㄊ┎挥鑸?zhí)行公證機關(guān)賦予強制執(zhí)行效力的債權(quán)文書；
?。?0） refusal to enforce a document of a notary office evidencing the rights of
a creditor and entitling him to its compulsory execution；
?。ㄊ唬┢渌枰枚ń鉀Q的事項。
?。?1） other matters to be decided in the form of an order in writing.
對前款第（一）、（二）、（三）項裁定，可以上訴。
“An appeal may be lodged against an order in writing in Items （1）， （2） and （3）
mentioned above.”
裁定書由審判人員、書記員署名，加蓋人民法院印章。口頭裁定的，記入筆錄。
“An order in writing shall be signed by the judicial officers and the court
clerk， with the seal of the people's court affixed to it. If it is issued
orally， the order shall be entered in the record.”
第一百四十一條 最高人民法院的判決、裁定，以及依法不準上訴或者超過上訴期沒有上訴的判決、裁定，是發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定。
“Article 141 All judgments and written orders of the Supreme People's Court，
as well as judgments and written orders that may not be appealed against
according to the law or that have not been appealed against within the
prescribed time limit， shall be legally effective.”
第十三章 簡易程序Chapter XIII Summary Procedure
第一百四十二條 基層人民法院和它派出的法庭審理事實清楚、權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系明確、爭議不大的簡單的民事案件，適用本章規(guī)定。
“Article 142 When trying simple civil cases in which the facts are evident，
the rights and obligations clear and the disputes trivial in character， the
basic people's courts and the tribunals dispatched by them shall apply the
provisions of this Chapter.”
第一百四十三條 對簡單的民事案件，原告可以口頭起訴。
“Article 143 In simple civil cases， the plaintiff may lodge his complaint
orally.”
當(dāng)事人雙方可以同時到基層人民法院或者它派出的法庭，請求解決糾紛?；鶎尤嗣穹ㄔ夯蛘咚沙龅姆ㄍタ梢援?dāng)即審理，也可以另定日期審理。
The two parties concerned may at the same time come before a basic people's
court or a tribunal dispatched by it for a solution of their dispute. The basic
people's court or the tribunal it dispatched may try the case immediately or set
a date for the trial.
第一百四十四條 基層人民法院和它派出的法庭審理簡單的民事案件，可以用簡便方式隨時傳喚當(dāng)事人、證人。
“Article 144 In trying a simple civil case， the basic people's court or the
tribunal dispatched by it may use simplified methods to summon at any time the
parties and witnesses.”
第一百四十五條 簡單的民事案件由審判員一人獨任審理，并不受本法第一百二十二條、第一百二十四條、第一百二十七條規(guī)定的限制。
“Article 145 Simple civil cases shall be tried by a single judge alone and the
trial of such cases shall not be bound by the provisions of Articles 122， 124，
and 127 of this Law.”
第一百四十六條 人民法院適用簡易程序?qū)徖戆讣瑧?yīng)當(dāng)在立案之日起三個月內(nèi)審結(jié)。
Article 146 The people's court trying a case in which summary procedure is
followed shall conclude the case within three months after placing the case on
the docket.
第十四章 第二審程序Chapter XIV Procedure of Second Instance
第一百四十七條 當(dāng)事人不服地方人民法院第一審判決的，有權(quán)在判決書送達之日起十五日內(nèi)向上一級人民法院提起上訴。
“Article 147 If a party refuses to accept a judgment of first instance of a
local people's court， he shall have the right to file an appeal with the
people's court at the next higher level within 15 days after the date on which
the written judgment was served.”
當(dāng)事人不服地方人民法院第一審裁定的，有權(quán)在裁定書送達之日起十日內(nèi)向上一級人民法院提起上訴。
“If a party refuses to accept a written order of first instance of a local
people's court， he shall have the right to file an appeal with a people's court
at the next higher level within 10 days after the date on which the written
order was served.”
第一百四十八條
上訴應(yīng)當(dāng)遞交上訴狀。上訴狀的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)當(dāng)包括當(dāng)事人的姓名，法人的名稱及其法定代表人的姓名或者其他組織的名稱及其主要負責(zé)人的姓名；原審人民法院名稱、案件的編號和案由；上訴的請求和理由。
“Article 148 For filing an appeal， a petition for the purpose shall be
submitted. The content of the appeal petition shall include the names of the
parties， the names of the legal persons and their legal representatives or names
of other organizations and their principal heads； the name of the people's court
where the case was originally tried； file number of the case and the cause of
action； and the claims of the appeal and the reasons.”
第一百四十九條 上訴狀應(yīng)當(dāng)通過原審人民法院提出，并按照對方當(dāng)事人或者代表人的人數(shù)提出副本。
“Article 149 The appeal petition shall be submitted through the people's court
which originally tried the case， and copies of it shall be provided according to
the number of persons in the other party or of the representatives thereof.”
當(dāng)事人直接向第二審人民法院上訴的，第二審人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)在五日內(nèi)將上訴狀移交原審人民法院。
“If a party appeals directly to a people's court of second instance， the said
court shall within five days transmit the appeal petition to the people's court
which originally tried the case.”
第一百五十條 原審人民法院收到上訴狀，應(yīng)當(dāng)在五日內(nèi)將上訴狀副本送達對方當(dāng)事人，對方當(dāng)事人在收到之日起十五日內(nèi)提出答辯狀。
“Article 150 The people's court which originally tried the case shall， within
five days after receiving the appeal petition， serve a copy of it on the other
party， who shall submit his defence within 15 days from the receipt of such
copy.”
人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)在收到答辯狀之日起五日內(nèi)將副本送達上訴人。對方當(dāng)事人不提出答辯狀的，不影響人民法院審理。
“ The people's court shall， within five days after receiving the defence，
serve a copy of it on the appellant. Failure by the other party to submit a
defence shall not prevent the case from being tried by the people's court.”
原審人民法院收到上訴狀、答辯狀，應(yīng)當(dāng)在五日內(nèi)連同全部案卷和證據(jù)，報送第二審人民法院。
“After receiving the appeal petition and the defence， the people's court which
originally tried the case shall， within five days， deliver them together with
the entire case file and evidence to the people's court of second instance.”
第一百五十一條 第二審人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)對上訴請求的有關(guān)事實和適用法律進行審查。
“Article 151 With respect to an appealed case， the people's court of second
instance shall review the relevant facts and the application of the law.”
第一百五十二條 第二審人民法院對上訴案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)組成合議庭，開庭審理。
“Article 152 With respect to a case on appeal， the people's court of second
instance shall form a collegial panel to conduct the trial. ”
經(jīng)過閱卷和調(diào)查，詢問當(dāng)事人，在事實核對清楚后，合議庭認為不需要開庭審理的，也可以徑行判決、裁定。
“After verification of the facts of the case through consulting the files，
making investigations and questioning the parties， if the collegial panel
considers that it is not necessary to conduct a trial， it may make a judgment or
a written order directly.”
第二審人民法院審理上訴案件，可以在本院進行，也可以到案件發(fā)生地或者原審人民法院所在地進行。
The people's court of second instance may try a case on appeal at its own site
or in the place where the case originated or where the people's court which
originally tried the case is located.
第一百五十三條 第二審人民法院對上訴案件，經(jīng)過審理，按照下列情形，分別處理：
“Article 153 After trying a case on appeal， the people's court of second
instance shall， in the light of the following situations， dispose of it
accordingly： ”
（一）原判決認定事實清楚，適用法律正確的，判決駁回上訴，維持原判決；
“（1） if the facts were clearly ascertained and the law was correctly applied
in the original judgment， the appeal shall be rejected in the form of a judgment
and the original judgment shall be affirmed； ”
?。ǘ┰袥Q適用法律錯誤的，依法改判；
“（2） if the application of the law was incorrect in the original judgment， the
said judgment shall be amended according to the law； ”
?。ㄈ┰袥Q認定事實錯誤，或者原判決認定事實不清，證據(jù)不足，裁定撤銷原判決，發(fā)回原審人民法院重審，或者查清事實后改判；
“（3） if in the original judgment the facts were incorrectly or not clearly
ascertained and the evidence was insufficient， the people's court of second
instance shall make a written order to set aside the judgment and remand to case
to the original people's court for retrial， or the people's court of second
instance may amend the judgment after investigating and clarifying the facts； ”
?。ㄋ模┰袥Q違反法定程序，可能影響案件正確判決的，裁定撤銷原判決，發(fā)回原審人民法院重審。
“or （4） if there was violation of legal procedure in making the original
judgment， which may have affected correct adjudication， the judgment shall be
set aside by a written order and the case remanded to the original people's
court for retrial. ”
當(dāng)事人對重審案件的判決、裁定，可以上訴。
The parties concerned may appeal against the judgment or written order
rendered in a retrial of their case.
第一百五十四條 第二審人民法院對不服第一審人民法院裁定的上訴案件的處理，一律使用裁定。
Article 154 The people's court of second instance shall decide in the form of
orders in writing all cases of appeal against the written orders made by the
people's court of first instance.
第一百五十五條 第二審人民法院審理上訴案件，可以進行調(diào)解“Article 155 In dealing with a case on appeal， a
people's court of second instance may conduct conciliation. ”
。調(diào)解達成協(xié)議，應(yīng)當(dāng)制作調(diào)解書，由審判人員、書記員署名，加蓋人民法院印章。
“If an agreement is reached through conciliation， a conciliation statement
shall be made and signed by the judicial officers and the court clerk， with the
seal of the people's court affixed to it.”
調(diào)解書送達后，原審人民法院的判決即視為撤銷。
“After the conciliation statement has been served， the original judgment of
the lower court shall be deemed as set aside.”
第一百五十六條 第二審人民法院判決宣告前，上訴人申請撤回上訴的，是否準許，由第二審人民法院裁定。
“Article 156 If an appellant applies for withdrawal of his appeal before a
people's court of second instance pronounces its judgment， the court shall
decide whether to approve the application or not.”
第一百五十七條 第二審人民法院審理上訴案件，除依照本章規(guī)定外，適用第一審普通程序。
“Article 157 In the trial of a case on appeal， the people's court of second
instance shall， apart from observing the provisions of this Chapter， follow the
ordinary procedure for trials of first instance.”
第一百五十八條 第二審人民法院的判決、裁定，是終審的判決、裁定。
Article 158 he judgment and the written order of a people's court of second
instance shall be final.
第一百五十九條 人民法院審理對判決的上訴案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)在第二審立案之日起三個月內(nèi)審結(jié)。
Article 159 The people's court trying a case on appeal shall conclude the case
within three months after docketing the case.
有特殊情況需要延長的，由本院院長批準。
Any extension of the period necessitated by special circumstances shall be
subject to the approval of the president of the court.
人民法院審理對裁定的上訴案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)在第二審立案之日起三十日內(nèi)作出終審裁定。
“The people's court trying a case on appeal against a written order shall，
within 30 days after docketing the case for second instance trial， make a
written order which is final.”
第十五章 特別程序 第一節(jié) 一般規(guī)定Chapter XV Special Procedure Section 1 General Provisions
第一百六十條 人民法院審理選民資格案件、宣告失蹤或者宣告死亡案件、認定公民無民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力案件和認定財產(chǎn)無主案件，適用本章規(guī)定。
“Article 160 When the people's courts try cases concerning the qualification
of voters， the declaration of a person as missing or dead， the adjudgment of
legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity of a citizen and the adjudgment of
a property as ownerless， the provisions of this Chapter shall apply. ”
本章沒有規(guī)定的，適用本法和其他法律的有關(guān)規(guī)定。
“For matters not covered in this Chapter， the relevant provisions of this Law
and other laws shall apply .”
第一百六十一條 依照本章程序?qū)徖淼陌讣?，實行一審終審。
“Article 161 In cases tried in accordance with the procedure provided in this
Chapter， the judgment of first instance shall be final . ”
選民資格案件或者重大、疑難的案件，由審判員組成合議庭審理；其他案件由審判員一人獨任審理。
“A collegial panel of judges shall be formed for the trial of any case in
involving the qualification of voters or of any major， difficult or complicated
case； other cases shall be tried by a single judge alone.”
第一百六十二條 人民法院在依照本章程序?qū)徖戆讣倪^程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)本案屬于民事權(quán)益爭議的，應(yīng)當(dāng)裁定終結(jié)特別程序，并告知利害關(guān)系人可以另行起訴。
“Article 162 If a people's court， while trying a case in accordance with the
procedure provided in this Chapter， finds that the case involves a civil dispute
over rights and interests， it shall make a written order to terminate the
special procedure and inform the interested parties to otherwise institute and
action.”
第一百六十三條 人民法院適用特別程序?qū)徖淼陌讣?，?yīng)當(dāng)在立案之日起三十日內(nèi)或者公告期滿后三十日內(nèi)審結(jié)。
Article 163 A people's court trying a case in which special procedure is
followed shall conclude the case within 30 days after placing the case on the
docket or within 30 days after expiration of the period stated in the public
notice.
有特殊情況需要延長的，由本院院長批準。但審理選民資格的案件除外。
“ Any extension of the time limit necessitated by special circumstances shall
be subject to the approval of the president of the court， excepting， however， a
case concerning the qualification of voters.”
第二節(jié) 選民資格案件Section 2 Cases Concerning the Qualification of Voters
第一百六十四條 公民不服選舉委員會對選民資格的申訴所作的處理決定，可以在選舉日的五日以前向選區(qū)所在地基層人民法院起訴。
“Article 164 If a citizen refuses to accept an election committee's decision
on an appeal concerning his voting qualification， he may， five days before the
election day， bring a suit in the basic people's court located in the electoral
district.”
第一百六十五條 人民法院受理選民資格案件后，必須在選舉日前審結(jié)。
“Article 165 After entertaining a case concerning voting qualification， a
people's court must conclude the trial before the election day.”
審理時，起訴人、選舉委員會的代表和有關(guān)公民必須參加。
“The party who brings the suit， the representative of the election committee
and other citizens concerned must participate in the proceedings.”
人民法院的判決書，應(yīng)當(dāng)在選舉日前送達選舉委員會和起訴人，并通知有關(guān)公民。
The written judgment of the people's court shall be served on the election
committee and the party who brings the suit before the election day； other
citizens concerned shall be notified of the judgment.
第三節(jié) 宣告失蹤、宣告死亡案件Section 3 Cases Concerning the Declaration of a Person as
Missing or Dead
第一百六十六條 公民下落不明滿二年，利害關(guān)系人申請宣告其失蹤的，向下落不明人住所地基層人民法院提出。
“Article 166 With respect to a citizen whose whereabouts are unknown for two
years in full， if the interested party applies for declaring the person as
missing， the application shall be filed with the basic people's court in the
locality where the missing person has his domicile.”
申請書應(yīng)當(dāng)寫明失蹤的事實、時間和請求，并附有公安機關(guān)或者其他有關(guān)機關(guān)關(guān)于該公民下落不明的書面證明。
The application shall clearly state the facts and time of the disappearance of
the person missing as well as the motion； documentary evidence from a public
security organ or other relevant organs concerning the disappearance of the
citizen shall be appended to the application.
第一百六十七條
公民下落不明滿四年，或者因意外事故下落不明滿二年，或者因意外事故下落不明，經(jīng)有關(guān)機關(guān)證明該公民不可能生存，利害關(guān)系人申請宣告其死亡的，向下落不明人住所地基層人民法院提出。
“Article 167 With respect to a citizen whose whereabouts are unknown for four
years in full or whose whereabouts are unknown for two years in full after an
accident in which he was involved， or with respect to a citizen whose
whereabouts are unknown after such an accident， and， upon proof furnished by the
relevant authorities that it is impossible for him to survive， if the interested
party applies for declaring such person as dead， the application shall be filed
with the basic people's court in the locality where the missing person has his
domicile.”
申請書應(yīng)當(dāng)寫明下落不明的事實、時間和請求，并附有公安機關(guān)或者其他有關(guān)機關(guān)關(guān)于該公民下落不明的書面證明。
The application shall clearly state the facts and time of the disappearance as
well as the motion； documentary evidence from a public security organ or other
relevant organs concerning the disappearance of the citizen shall be appended to
the application.
第一百六十八條 人民法院受理宣告失蹤、宣告死亡案件后，應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)出尋找下落不明人的公告。
“Article 168 After entertaining a case concerning the declaration of a person
as missing or dead， the people's court shall issue a public notice in search of
the person missing. ”
宣告失蹤的公告期間為三個月，宣告死亡的公告期間為一年。
“The period of the public notice for declaring a person as missing shall be
three months， and that for declaring a person as dead shall be one year. ”
因意外事故下落不明，經(jīng)有關(guān)機關(guān)證明該公民不可能生存的，宣告死亡的公告期間為三個月。
“Where a citizen's whereabouts are unknown after an accident in which he was
involved and， upon proof furnished by the relevant authorities that it is
impossible for him to survive， the period of the public notice for proclaiming
such person as dead shall be three months.”
公告期間屆滿，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)被宣告失蹤、宣告死亡的事實是否得到確認，作出宣告失蹤、宣告死亡的判決或者駁回申請的判決。
“On the expiration of the period of the public notice， the people's court
shall， depending on whether the fact of the missing or death of the person has
been confirmed， make a judgment declaring the person missing or dead or make a
judgment rejecting the application.”
第一百六十九條 被宣告失蹤、宣告死亡的公民重新出現(xiàn)，經(jīng)本人或者利害關(guān)系人申請，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)作出新判決，撤銷原判決。
“Article 169 If a person who has been declared missing or dead by a people's
court reappears， the people's court shall， upon the application of that person
or of an interested party， make a new judgment and annul the previous one.”
第四節(jié) 認定公民無民事行為能力、限制民事行為能力案件Section 4 Cases Concerning the Adjudgment of Legal
Incapacity or Restricted Legal Capacity of Citizens
第一百七十條 申請認定公民無民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力，由其近親屬或者其他利害關(guān)系人向該公民住所地基層人民法院提出。
Article 170 An application for adjudgment of legal incapacity or restricted
legal capacity of a citizen shall be filed by the citizen's near relatives or
any other interested party with the basic people's court in the locality where
the citizen has his domicile.
申請書應(yīng)當(dāng)寫明該公民無民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力的事實和根據(jù)。
The application shall clearly state the fact and grounds of the citizen's
legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity.
第一百七十一條 人民法院受理申請后，必要時應(yīng)當(dāng)對被請求認定為無民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力的公民進行鑒定。
“Article 171 After accepting such an application， the people's court shall，
when necessary， have an expert evaluation of the citizen of whom the
determination of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity is sought； ”
申請人已提供鑒定結(jié)論的，應(yīng)當(dāng)對鑒定結(jié)論進行審查。
“if the applicant has already provided an evaluation conclusion， the people's
court shall examine such conclusion.”
第一百七十二條 人民法院審理認定公民無民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力的案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)由該公民的近親屬為代理人，但申請人除外。
“Article 172 In the trial by the people's court of a case for the
determination of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity of a citizen， a
near relative of the citizen shall be his agent， the applicant being excluded.”
近親屬互相推諉的，由人民法院指定其中一人為代理人。
“If the near relatives of the citizen shift responsibility onto one another，
the people's court shall appoint one of them as agent for the citizen. ”
該公民健康情況許可的，還應(yīng)當(dāng)詢問本人的意見。
“If the citizen's condition of health permits， the people's court shall also
seek the opinion of the citizen on the matter.”
人民法院經(jīng)審理認定申請有事實根據(jù)的，判決該公民為無民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力人；認定申請沒有事實根據(jù)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)判決予以駁回。
“If， through the trial， the people's court finds that the application is based
on facts， a judgment of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity of the
citizen shall be made； if the court finds that the application is not based on
facts， it shall make a judgment rejecting the application.”
第一百七十三條
人民法院根據(jù)被認定為無民事行為能力人、限制民事行為能力人或者他的監(jiān)護人的申請，證實該公民無民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力的原因已經(jīng)消除的，應(yīng)當(dāng)作出新判決，撤銷原判決。
“Article 173 If， upon the application of a person who has been determined as
one of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity or upon the application of
his guardian， the people's court confirms that the causes of that person's legal
incapacity or restricted legal capacity have been eliminated， a new judgment
shall be made annulling the previous one.”
第五節(jié) 認定財產(chǎn)無主案件Section 5 Cases Concerning the Determination of a Property as
Ownerless
第一百七十四條 申請認定財產(chǎn)無主，由公民、法人或者其他組織向財產(chǎn)所在地基層人民法院提出。
“Article 174 An application for determining a property as ownerless shall be
filed by a citizen， legal person or any other organization with the basic
people's court in the place where the property is located.”
申請書應(yīng)當(dāng)寫明財產(chǎn)的種類、數(shù)量以及要求認定財產(chǎn)無主的根據(jù)。
The application shall clearly state the type and quantity of the property and
the grounds on which the application for determining the property as ownerless
is filed.
第一百七十五條 人民法院受理申請后，經(jīng)審查核實，應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)出財產(chǎn)認領(lǐng)公告。
“Article 175 The people's court shall， after accepting such an application and
upon examination and verification of it， issue a public notice calling on the
owner to claim the property. ”
公告滿一年無人認領(lǐng)的，判決認定財產(chǎn)無主，收歸國家或者集體所有。
“If no one claims the property one year after the issue of the public notice，
the people's court shall make a judgment determining the property as ownerless
and turn it over to the State or the collective concerned.”
第一百七十六條
判決認定財產(chǎn)無主后，原財產(chǎn)所有人或者繼承人出現(xiàn)，在民法通則規(guī)定的訴訟時效期間可以對財產(chǎn)提出請求，人民法院審查屬實后，應(yīng)當(dāng)作出新判決，撤銷原判決。
“Article 176 If， after a property has been determined by a judgment as
ownerless， the owner of the property or his successor appears， such a person may
file a claim for the property within the period of limitation specified in the
General Principles of the Civil Law. The people's court shall， after examination
and verification of the claim， make a new judgment， annulling the previous one.”
第二編 審判程序 第十六章 審判監(jiān)督程序Chapter XVI Procedure for Trial Supervision
第一百七十七條 各級人民法院院長對本院已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，發(fā)現(xiàn)確有錯誤，認為需要再審的，應(yīng)當(dāng)提交審判委員會討論決定。
“Article 177 If the president of a people's court at any level finds definite
error in a legally effective judgment or written order of his court and deems it
necessary to have the case retried， he shall refer it to the judicial committee
for discussion and decision.”
最高人民法院對地方各級人民法院已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，上級人民法院對下級人民法院已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，發(fā)現(xiàn)確有錯誤的，有權(quán)提審或者指令下級人民法院再審。
“If the Supreme People's Court finds definite error in a legally effective
judgement or written order of a local people's court at any level， or if a
people's court at a higher level finds some definite error in a legally
effective judgment or written order of a people's court at a lower level， it
shall respectively have the power to bring the case up for trial by itself or
direct the people's court at a lower level to conduct a retrial.”
第一百七十八條 當(dāng)事人對已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，認為有錯誤的，可以向原審人民法院或者上一級人民法院申請再審，但不停止判決、裁定的執(zhí)行。
“Article 178 If a party to an action considers that there is error in a
legally effective judgment or written order， he may apply to the people's court
which originally tried the case or to a people's court at the next higher level
for a retrial； however， execution of the judgment or order shall not be
suspended.”
第一百七十九條 當(dāng)事人的申請符合下列情形之一的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)再審：
“Article 179 If an application made by a party meets any of the following
conditions， the people's court shall retry the case： ”
?。ㄒ唬┯行碌淖C據(jù)，足以推翻原判決、裁定的；
?。?） there is sufficient new evidence to set aside the original judgment or
written order；
?。ǘ┰袥Q、裁定認定事實的主要證據(jù)不足的；
?。?） the main evidence on which the facts were ascertained in the original
judgment or written order was insufficient；
?。ㄈ┰袥Q、裁定適用法律確有錯誤的；
（3） there was definite error in the application of the law in the original
judgment or written order；
（四）人民法院違反法定程序，可能影響案件正確判決、裁定的；
?。?） there was violation by the people's court of the legal procedure which may
have affected the correctness of the judgment or written order in the case；
（五）審判人員在審理該案件時有貪污受賄，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行為的。
“or （5） the judicial officers have committed embezzlement， accepted bribes，
done malpractices for personal benefits and perverted the law in the
adjudication of the case.”
人民法院對不符合前款規(guī)定的申請，予以駁回。
The people's court shall reject the application that meets none of the
conditions specified above.
第一百八十條 當(dāng)事人對已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的調(diào)解書，提出證據(jù)證明調(diào)解違反自愿原則或者調(diào)解協(xié)議的內(nèi)容違反法律的，可以申請再審。
“Article 180 With respect to a legally effective conciliation statement， if
evidence furnished by a party proves that the conciliation violates the
principle of voluntariness or that the content of the conciliation agreement
violates the law， the party may apply for a retrial.”
經(jīng)人民法院審查屬實的，應(yīng)當(dāng)再審。
“ If the foregoing proves true after its examination， the people's court shall
retry the case.”
第一百八十一條 當(dāng)事人對已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的解除婚姻關(guān)系的判決，不得申請再審。
“Article 181 With respect to a legally effective judgment on dissolution of
marriage， neither of the two parties shall apply for a retrial.”
第一百八十二條 當(dāng)事人申請再審，應(yīng)當(dāng)在判決、裁定發(fā)生法律效力后二年內(nèi)提出。
Article 182 Application for a retrial made by a party must be submitted within
two years after the judgment or written order becomes legally effective.
第一百八十三條 按照審判監(jiān)督程序決定再審的案件，裁定中止原判決的執(zhí)行。裁定由院長署名，加蓋人民法院印章。
“Article 183 When a decision is made to retry a case in accordance with the
procedure for trial supervision， the execution of the original judgment shall be
suspended by a written order which shall be signed by the president of the court
with the seal of the people's court affixed to it.”
第一百八十四條 人民法院按照審判監(jiān)督程序再審的案件，發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定是由第一審法院作出的，按照第一審程序?qū)徖?，所作的判決、裁定，當(dāng)事人可以上訴；
“Article 184 With respect to a case pending retrial by a people's court in
accordance with the procedure for trial supervision， if the legally effective
judgment or written order was made by a court of first instance， the case shall
be tried in accordance with the procedure of first instance， and the parties
concerned may appeal against the new judgment or order； ”
發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定是由第二審法院作出的，按照第二審程序?qū)徖恚鞯呐袥Q、裁定，是發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定；
“if the legally effective judgment or written order was made by a court of
second instance， the case shall be tried in accordance with the procedure of
second instance， and the new judgment or written order shall be legally
effective； ”
上級人民法院按照審判監(jiān)督程序提審的，按照第二審程序?qū)徖?，所作的判決、裁定是發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定。
“if it is a case which was brought up for trial by a people's court at a
higher level， it shall be tried in accordance with the procedure of second
instance， and the new judgment or written order shall be legally effective.”
人民法院審理再審案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)另行組成合議庭。
The people's court shall form a new collegial panel for the purpose of the
retrial.
第一百八十五條
最高人民檢察院對各級人民法院已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，上級人民檢察院對下級人民法院已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，發(fā)現(xiàn)有下列情形之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照審判監(jiān)督程序提出抗訴：
“Article 185 If the Supreme People's Procuratorate finds that a legally
effective judgment or written order made by a people's court at any level
involves any of the following circumstances， or if a people's procuratorate at a
higher level finds that a legally effective judgment or written order made by a
people's court at a lower level involves any of the following circumstances， the
Supreme People's Procuratorate or the people's procuratorate at a higher level
shall respectively lodge a protest in accordance with the procedure for trial
supervision： ”
?。ㄒ唬┰袥Q、裁定認定事實的主要證據(jù)不足的；
?。?） the main evidence for ascertaining the facts in the previous judgment or
written order was insufficient；
（二）原判決、裁定適用法律確有錯誤的；
?。?） there was a definite error in the application of the law in the previous
judgment or written order；
?。ㄈ┤嗣穹ㄔ哼`反法定程序，可能影響案件正確判決、裁定的；
?。?） there was violation by the people's court of the legal procedure which may
have affected the correctness of the judgment or written order；
（四）審判人員在審理該案件時有貪污受賄，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行為的。
“or （4） the judicial officers have committed embezzlement， accepted bribes，
done malpractice for personal benefits and perverted the law in the trial of the
case. ”
地方各級人民檢察院對同級人民法院已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，發(fā)現(xiàn)有前款規(guī)定情形之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)提請上級人民檢察院按照審判監(jiān)督程序提出抗訴。
“If a local people's procuratorate at any level finds that a legally effective
judgment or written order made by a people's court at the corresponding level
involves any of the circumstances specified above， it shall refer the matter to
the people's procuratorate at a higher level with the request that a protest be
lodged by the latter in accordance with the procedure for trial supervision.”
第一百八十六條 人民檢察院提出抗訴的案件，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)再審。
Article 186 Cases in which protest was made by the people's procuratorate
shall be retried by the people's court.
第一百八十七條 人民檢察院決定對人民法院的判決、裁定提出抗訴的，應(yīng)當(dāng)制作抗訴書。
“Article 187 When a people's procuratorate decides to lodge a protest against
a judgment or written order made by a people's court， it shall make the protest
in writing.”
第一百八十八條 人民檢察院提出抗訴的案件，人民法院再審時，應(yīng)當(dāng)通知人民檢察院派員出席法庭。
“Article 188 The people's court shall， in retrying a case in which protest was
lodged by a people's procuratorate， notify the procuratorate to send
representatives to attend the court session.”
第十七章 督促程序Chapter XVII Procedure for Hastening Debt Recovery
第一百八十九條 債權(quán)人請求債務(wù)人給付金錢、有價證券，符合下列條件的，可以向有管轄權(quán)的基層人民法院申請支付令：
“Article 189 When a creditor requests payment of a pecuniary debt or recovery
of negotiable instruments from a debtor， he may， if the following requirements
are met， apply to the basic people's court that has jurisdiction for an order of
payment： ”
?。ㄒ唬﹤鶛?quán)人與債務(wù)人沒有其他債務(wù)糾紛的；
?。?） no other debt disputes exist between the creditor and the debtor；
?。ǘ┲Ц读钅軌蛩瓦_債務(wù)人的。
and （2） the order of payment can be served on the debtor.
申請書應(yīng)當(dāng)寫明請求給付金錢或者有價證券的數(shù)量和所根據(jù)的事實、證據(jù)。
The application shall clearly state the requested amount of money or of the
negotiable instruments and the facts and evidence on the basis of which the
application is made.
第一百九十條 債權(quán)人提出申請后，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)在五日內(nèi)通知債權(quán)人是否受理。
“Article 190 After the creditor has submitted his application， the people's
court shall within five days inform the creditor whether it accepts the
application or not.”
第一百九十一條 人民法院受理申請后，經(jīng)審查債權(quán)人提供的事實、證據(jù)，對債權(quán)債務(wù)關(guān)系明確、合法的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在受理之日起十五日內(nèi)向債務(wù)人發(fā)出支付令；
“Article 191 After accepting the application and upon examination of the facts
and evidence provided by the creditor， the people's court shall， if the rights
and obligations relationship between the creditor and the debtor is clear and
legitimate， issue within 15 days after accepting the application an order of
payment to the debtor； ”
申請不成立的，裁定予以駁回。
“if the application is unfounded， the people's court shall make an order to
reject it.”
債務(wù)人應(yīng)當(dāng)自收到支付令之日起十五日內(nèi)清償債務(wù)，或者向人民法院提出書面異議。
“The debtor shall， within 15 days after receipt of the order of payment， clear
off his debts or submit to the people's court his dissent in writing.”
債務(wù)人在前款規(guī)定的期間不提出異議又不履行支付令的，債權(quán)人可以向人民法院申請執(zhí)行。
“If the debtor has neither dissented from nor complied with the order of
payment within the period specified in the preceding paragraph， the creditor may
apply to the people's court for execution.”
第一百九十二條 人民法院收到債務(wù)人提出的書面異議后，應(yīng)當(dāng)裁定終結(jié)督促程序，支付令自行失效，債權(quán)人可以起訴。
“Article 192 The people's court shall， on receiving the dissent in writing
submitted by the debtor， make an order to terminate the procedure for hastening
debt recovery and the order of payment shall of itself be invalidated. The
creditor may bring an action in the people's court.”
第十八章 公示催告程序Chapter XVIII Procedure for Publicizing Public Notice for Ass
ertion of Claims
第一百九十三條 按照規(guī)定可以背書轉(zhuǎn)讓的票據(jù)持有人，因票據(jù)被盜、遺失或者滅失，可以向票據(jù)支付地的基層人民法院申請公示催告。
“Article 193 Any holder of a bill transferable by endorsement according to the
law may， if the bill is stolen， lost， or destroyed， apply to the basic people's
court of the place where the bill is to be paid for publication of public notice
for assertion of claims. ”
依照法律規(guī)定可以申請公示催告的其他事項，適用本章規(guī)定。
“The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to other matters for which，
according to the law， an application for publication of a public notice for
assertion of claims may be made.”
申請人應(yīng)當(dāng)向人民法院遞交申請書，寫明票面金額、發(fā)票人、持票人、背書人等票據(jù)主要內(nèi)容和申請的理由、事實。
“The applicant shall submit to the people's court an application which clearly
states the main contents of the bill such as the face amount， the drawer， the
holder， the endorser， and the facts and reasons in respect of the application.”
第一百九十四條 人民法院決定受理申請，應(yīng)當(dāng)同時通知支付人停止支付，并在三日內(nèi)發(fā)出公告，催促利害關(guān)系人申報權(quán)利。
“Article 194 The people's court shall， upon deciding to accept the
application， notify the payor concerned in the meantime to suspend the payment，
and shall， within three days， issue a public notice for the interested parties
to assert their rights. ”
公示催告的期間，由人民法院根據(jù)情況決定，但不得少于六十日。
“The period of the public notice shall be decided at the discretion of the
people's court； however， it shall not be less than 60 days.”
第一百九十五條 支付人收到人民法院停止支付的通知，應(yīng)當(dāng)停止支付，至公示催告程序終結(jié)。
“Article 195 The payor shall， upon receiving the notification by the people's
court to suspend the payment， do so accordingly till the conclusion of the
procedure for publicizing a public notice for assertion of claims.”
公示催告期間，轉(zhuǎn)讓票據(jù)權(quán)利的行為無效。
“Within the period of the public notice， assignment of rights on the bill
shall be void.”
第一百九十六條 利害關(guān)系人應(yīng)當(dāng)在公示催告期間向人民法院申報。
Article 196 Interested party or parties as claimants shall report their claims
to the people's court within the period of the public notice.
人民法院收到利害關(guān)系人的申報后，應(yīng)當(dāng)裁定終結(jié)公示催告程序，并通知申請人和支付人。
“After receiving the report on the claims by interested party or parties， the
people's court shall make a written order to terminate the procedure for
publicizing public notice for assertion of claims， and notify the applicant and
the payor.”
申請人或者申報人可以向人民法院起訴。
The applicant or the claimants may bring an action in the people's court.
第一百九十七條 沒有人申報的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)申請人的申請，作出判決，宣告票據(jù)無效。
“Article 197 If no claim is asserted， the people's court shall make a judgment
on the basis of the application to declare the bill in question null and void.”
判決應(yīng)當(dāng)公告，并通知支付人。
The judgment shall be published and the payor notified accordingly.
自判決公告之日起，申請人有權(quán)向支付人請求支付。
“As of the date of publication of the judgment， the applicant shall be
entitled to payment by the payor.”
第一百九十八條 利害關(guān)系人因正當(dāng)理由不能在判決前向人民法院申報的，自知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道判決公告之日起一年內(nèi)，可以向作出判決的人民法院起訴。
“Article 198 If an interested party for justified reasons was unable to submit
his claim to the people's court before the judgment is made， he may， within one
year after the day he knows or should know the publication of the judgment，
bring an action in the people's court which has made the judgment.”
第十九章 企業(yè)法人破產(chǎn)還債程序Chapter XIX Procedure for Bankruptcy and Debt Repayment of
Legal P erson Enterprises
第一百九十九條 企業(yè)法人因嚴重虧損，無力清償?shù)狡趥鶆?wù)，債權(quán)人可以向人民法院申請宣告?zhèn)鶆?wù)人破產(chǎn)還債，債務(wù)人也可以向人民法院申請宣告破產(chǎn)還債。
“Article 199 If a legal person enterprise has suffered serious losses and is
unable to repay the debts at maturity， the creditors may apply to a people's
court for declaring the debtor bankrupt for debts to be repaid； the debtor may
likewise apply to a people's court for declaring bankruptcy for debts to be
repaid.”
第二百條 人民法院裁定宣告進入破產(chǎn)還債程序后，應(yīng)當(dāng)在十日內(nèi)通知債務(wù)人和已知的債權(quán)人，并發(fā)出公告。
“Article 200 After making an order to declare the initiation of the bankruptcy
and debt repayment proceedings， the people's court shall notify the debtor and
the known creditors within ten days and also make a public announcement.”
債權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)在收到通知后三十日內(nèi)，未收到通知的債權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)自公告之日起三個月內(nèi)，向人民法院申報債權(quán)。
“Creditors who have been notified shall， within 30 days after receiving the
notice， and those who have not been notified shall， within three months after
the date of the announcement， lodge their claims with the people's court. ”
逾期未申報債權(quán)的，視為放棄債權(quán)。
Creditors who fail to lodge their claims during the respective periods shall
be deemed to have abandoned their rights.
債權(quán)人可以組成債權(quán)人會議，討論通過破產(chǎn)財產(chǎn)的處理和分配方案或者和解協(xié)議。
“Creditors may organize a creditors' meeting to discuss and approve of a
formula for the disposition and distribution of bankrupt property， or for a
composition agreement.”
第二百零一條 人民法院可以組織有關(guān)機關(guān)和有關(guān)人員成立清算組織。
Article 201 The people's court may appoint a liquidation commission formed by
relevant state organs and persons concerned.
清算組織負責(zé)破產(chǎn)財產(chǎn)的保管、清理、估價、處理和分配。
“The liquidation commission shall take charge of the custody of the bankrupt
property， its liquidation， assessment， disposition and distribution. ”
清算組織可以依法進行必要的民事活動。
The liquidation commission may also engage in necessary activities of a civil
nature according to the law.
清算組織對人民法院負責(zé)并報告工作。
The liquidation commission shall be responsible and report its work to the
people's court.
第二百零二條 企業(yè)法人與債權(quán)人會議達成和解協(xié)議的，經(jīng)人民法院認可后，由人民法院發(fā)布公告，中止破產(chǎn)還債程序。
“Article 202 If the legal person enterprise and the creditors reach a
composition agreement， the people's court shall， after approving the agreement，
make a public announcement of it and terminate the bankruptcy and debt repayment
proceedings. ”
和解協(xié)議自公告之日起具有法律效力。
The composition agreement shall be legally effective as of the date of the
public announcement.
第二百零三條 已作為銀行貸款等債權(quán)的抵押物或者其他擔(dān)保物的財產(chǎn)，銀行和其他債權(quán)人享有就該抵押物或者其他擔(dān)保物優(yōu)先受償?shù)臋?quán)利。
“Article 203 With respect to the property mortgaged or otherwise used as
security for bank loans or other obligations， the bank and other creditors shall
have priority in the repayment of debts as regards the property mortgaged or
used as security for other kinds of obligations. ”
抵押物或者其他擔(dān)保物的價款超過其所擔(dān)保的債務(wù)數(shù)額的，超過部分屬于破產(chǎn)還債的財產(chǎn)。
“If the money value of the property mortgaged or used as security for other
kinds of obligations exceeds the amount of loans secured， the surplus shall go
to the bankrupt property for debt repayment.”
第二百零四條 破產(chǎn)財產(chǎn)優(yōu)先撥付破產(chǎn)費用后，按照下列順序清償：
“Article 204 After deduction of bankruptcy proceedings expenses from the
bankrupt property， first repayment shall be made in the following order of
priority： ”
?。ㄒ唬┢飘a(chǎn)企業(yè)所欠職工工資和勞動保險費用；
（1） wages and salaries of staff and workers and labour insurance expenses that
are owned by the bankrupt enterprise；
（二）破產(chǎn)企業(yè)所欠稅款；
?。?） taxes owed by the bankrupt enterprise；
（三）破產(chǎn)債權(quán)。
and （3） claims by creditors in the bankruptcy proceedings.
破產(chǎn)財產(chǎn)不足清償同一順序的清償要求的，按照比例分配。
“Where the bankrupt property is insufficient to meet the repayment claims of
the same order of priority， it shall be distributed on a pro-rata basis.”
第二百零五條 企業(yè)法人破產(chǎn)還債，由該企業(yè)法人住所地的人民法院管轄。
Article 205 The debt repayment of a bankrupt legal person enterprise shall be
under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the legal person
enterprise is located.
第二百零六條 全民所有制企業(yè)的破產(chǎn)還債程序適用中華人民共和國企業(yè)破產(chǎn)法的規(guī)定。
Article 206 The provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on
Enterprise Bankruptcy shall apply to bankruptcy and debt repayment of
enterprises owned by the whole people.
不是法人的企業(yè)、個體工商戶、農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營戶、個人合伙，不適用本章規(guī)定。
“The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to non-legal person
enterprises， individual businesses， leaseholding farm households and
partnerships by private individuals.”
第三編 執(zhí)行程序 第二十章 一般規(guī)定PART THREE PROCEDURE OF EXECUTION Chapter XX General
Provisions
第二百零七條 發(fā)生法律效力的民事判決、裁定，以及刑事判決、裁定中的財產(chǎn)部分，由第一審人民法院執(zhí)行。
“Article 207 Legally effective judgments or written orders in civil cases， as
well as the parts of judgments or written orders that relate to property in
criminal cases， shall be executed by the people's court of first instance.”
法律規(guī)定由人民法院執(zhí)行的其他法律文書，由被執(zhí)行人住所地或者被執(zhí)行的財產(chǎn)所在地人民法院執(zhí)行。
Other legal documents which are to be executed by a people's court as
prescribed by the law shall be executed by the people's court of the place where
the person subjected to execution has his domicile or where the property subject
to execution is located.
第二百零八條 執(zhí)行過程中，案外人對執(zhí)行標的提出異議的，執(zhí)行員應(yīng)當(dāng)按照法定程序進行審查。
“Article 208 If， in the course of execution， an outsider raises an objection
with respect to the object subjected to execution， the execution officer shall
examine the objection in accordance with the procedure prescribed by the law. ”
理由不成立的，予以駁回；理由成立的，由院長批準中止執(zhí)行。
“ If the reasons for the objection are untenable， the objection shall be
rejected； if otherwise， execution shall be suspended with the approval of the
president of the court.”
如果發(fā)現(xiàn)判決、裁定確有錯誤，按照審判監(jiān)督程序處理。
“If definite error is found in the judgment or the written order， it shall be
dealt with in accordance with the procedure for trial supervision.”
第二百零九條 執(zhí)行工作由執(zhí)行員進行。
Article 209 Execution work shall be carried out by the execution officer.
采取強制執(zhí)行措施時，執(zhí)行員應(yīng)當(dāng)出示證件。
“When carrying out a compulsory execution measure， the execution officer shall
produce his credentials.”
執(zhí)行完畢后，應(yīng)當(dāng)將執(zhí)行情況制作筆錄，由在場的有關(guān)人員簽名或者蓋章。
“ After the execution is completed， the execution officer shall make a record
of the particulars of the execution， and have it signed or sealed by the persons
concerned on the scene.”
基層人民法院、中級人民法院根據(jù)需要，可以設(shè)立執(zhí)行機構(gòu)。執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的職責(zé)由最高人民法院規(guī)定。
“The basic people's court and the intermediate people's court may， when
necessary， establish execution organs， whose functions shall be defined by the
Supreme People's Court.”
第二百一十條 被執(zhí)行人或者被執(zhí)行的財產(chǎn)在外地的，可以委托當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣穹ㄔ捍鸀閳?zhí)行。
“Article 210 If a person or property subjected to execution is in another
locality， the people's court in that locality may be entrusted with the carrying
out of the execution. ”
受委托人民法院收到委托函件后，必須在十五日內(nèi)開始執(zhí)行，不得拒絕。
The entrusted people's court shall begin the execution within 15 days after
receiving a letter of entrustment and shall not refuse to do so.
執(zhí)行完畢后，應(yīng)當(dāng)將執(zhí)行結(jié)果及時函復(fù)委托人民法院；
“After the execution has been completed， the entrusted people's court shall
promptly inform the entrusting people's court， by letter， of the result of the
execution.”
在三十日內(nèi)如果還未執(zhí)行完畢，也應(yīng)當(dāng)將執(zhí)行情況函告委托人民法院。
“ If the execution has not been completed within 30 days， the entrusted
people's court shall also inform the entrusting people's court， by letter， of
the particulars of the execution.”
受委托人民法院自收到委托函件之日起十五日內(nèi)不執(zhí)行的，委托人民法院可以請求受委托人民法院的上級人民法院指令受委托人民法院執(zhí)行。
“If the entrusted people's court does not carry out the execution within 15
days after receiving the letter of entrustment， the entrusting people's court
may request the people's court at a higher level over the entrusted people's
court to instruct the entrusted people's court to carry out the execution.”
第二百一十一條 在執(zhí)行中，雙方當(dāng)事人自行和解達成協(xié)議的，執(zhí)行員應(yīng)當(dāng)將協(xié)議內(nèi)容記入筆錄，由雙方當(dāng)事人簽名或者蓋章。
“Article 211 If in the course of execution the two parties become reconciled
and reach a settlement agreement on their own initiative， the execution officer
shall make a record of the contents of the agreement， and both parties shall
affix their signatures or seals to the record.”
一方當(dāng)事人不履行和解協(xié)議的，人民法院可以根據(jù)對方當(dāng)事人的申請，恢復(fù)對原生效法律文書的執(zhí)行。
“If either party fails to fulfil the settlement agreement， the people's court
may， at the request of the other party， resume the execution of the legal
document which was originally effective.”
第二百一十二條 在執(zhí)行中，被執(zhí)行人向人民法院提供擔(dān)保，并經(jīng)申請執(zhí)行人同意的，人民法院可以決定暫緩執(zhí)行及暫緩執(zhí)行的期限。
“Article 212 In the course of execution， if the person subjected to execution
provides a guaranty， the people's court may， with the consent of the person who
has applied for execution， decide on the suspension of the execution and the
time limit for such suspension. ”
被執(zhí)行人逾期仍不履行的，人民法院有權(quán)執(zhí)行被執(zhí)行人的擔(dān)保財產(chǎn)或者擔(dān)保人的財產(chǎn)。
“If the person subjected to execution still fails to perform his obligations
after the time limit， the people's court shall have the power to execute the
property he provided as security or the property of the guarantor.”
第二百一十三條 作為被執(zhí)行人的公民死亡的，以其遺產(chǎn)償還債務(wù)。
“Article 213 If the citizen subjected to execution dies， his debts shall be
paid off from the deceased estate； ”
作為被執(zhí)行人的法人或者其他組織終止的，由其權(quán)利義務(wù)承受人履行義務(wù)。
“if a legal person or any other organization subjected to execution dissolves，
the party that succeeds to its rights and obligations shall fulfil the
obligations.”
第二百一十四條 執(zhí)行完畢后，據(jù)以執(zhí)行的判決、裁定和其他法律文書確有錯誤，被人民法院撤銷的，對已被執(zhí)行的財產(chǎn)，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)作出裁定，責(zé)令取得財產(chǎn)的人返還；
“Article 214 After the completion of execution， if definite error is found in
the executed judgment， written order or other legal documents resulting in the
annulment of such judgment， order or legal documents by the people's court， the
said court shall， with respect to the property which has been executed， make a
written order that persons who have obtained the property shall return it. ”
拒不返還的，強制執(zhí)行。
“In the event of refusal to return such property， compulsory execution shall
be carried out.”
第二百一十五條 人民法院制作的調(diào)解書的執(zhí)行，適用本編的規(guī)定。
Article 215 The provisions of this Part shall be applicable to the execution
of the conciliation statement as drawn up by the people's court.
第二十一章 執(zhí)行的申請和移送Chapter XXI Application for Execution and Referral
第二百一十六條 發(fā)生法律效力的民事判決、裁定，當(dāng)事人必須履行。
Article 216 The parties concerned must comply with legally effective judgments
or written orders in civil cases.
一方拒絕履行的，對方當(dāng)事人可以向人民法院申請執(zhí)行，也可以由審判員移送執(zhí)行員執(zhí)行。
“If a party refuses to do so， the other party may apply to the people's court
for execution， or the judge may refer the matter to the execution officer for
enforcement.”
調(diào)解書和其他應(yīng)當(dāng)由人民法院執(zhí)行的法律文書，當(dāng)事人必須履行。
The parties concerned must comply with the conciliation statement and other
legal documents that are to be executed by the people's court.
一方拒絕履行的，對方當(dāng)事人可以向人民法院申請執(zhí)行。
“ If a party refuses to do so， the other party may apply to the people's court
for enforcement.”
第二百一十七條 對依法設(shè)立的仲裁機構(gòu)的裁決，一方當(dāng)事人不履行的，對方當(dāng)事人可以向有管轄權(quán)的人民法院申請執(zhí)行。
“Article 217 If a party fails to comply with an award of an arbitral organ
established according to the law， the other party may apply for execution to the
people's court which has jurisdiction over the case. ”
受申請的人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)執(zhí)行。
The people's court applied to shall enforce the award.
被申請人提出證據(jù)證明仲裁裁決有下列情形之一的，經(jīng)人民法院組成合議庭審查核實，裁定不予執(zhí)行：
“If the party against whom the application is made furnishes proof that the
arbitral award involves any of the following circumstances， the people's court
shall， after examination and verification by a collegial panel， make a written
order not to allow the enforcement：”
（一）當(dāng)事人在合同中沒有訂有仲裁條款或者事后沒有達成書面仲裁協(xié)議的；
“ （1） the parties have had no arbitration clause in their contract， nor have
subsequently reached a written agreement on arbitration； ”
?。ǘ┎脹Q的事項不屬于仲裁協(xié)議的范圍或者仲裁機構(gòu)無權(quán)仲裁的；
?。?） the matters dealt with by the award fall outside the scope of the
arbitration agreement or are matters which the arbitral organ has no power to
arbitrate；
?。ㄈ┲俨猛サ慕M成或者仲裁的程序違反法定程序的；
?。?） the composition of the arbitration tribunal or the procedure for
arbitration contradicts the procedure prescribed by the law；
（四）認定事實的主要證據(jù)不足的；
?。?） the main evidence for ascertaining the facts is insufficient；
（五）適用法律確有錯誤的；
?。?） there is definite error in the application of the law；
?。┲俨脝T在仲裁該案時有貪污受賄，徇私舞弊，枉法裁決行為的。
“ or （6） the arbitrators have committed embezzlement， accepted bribes or done
malpractice for personal benefits or perverted the law in the arbitration of the
case.”
人民法院認定執(zhí)行該裁決違背社會公共利益的，裁定不予執(zhí)行。
“If the people's court determines that the execution of the arbitral award is
against the social and public interest， it shall make an order not to allow the
execution.”
裁定書應(yīng)當(dāng)送達雙方當(dāng)事人和仲裁機構(gòu)。
The above-mentioned written order shall be served on both parties and the
arbitral organ.
仲裁裁決被人民法院裁定不予執(zhí)行的，當(dāng)事人可以根據(jù)雙方達成的書面仲裁協(xié)議重新申請仲裁，也可以向人民法院起訴。
“If the execution of an arbitral award is disallowed by a written order of the
people's court， the parties may， in accordance with a written agreement on
arbitration reached between them， apply for arbitration again； they may also
bring an action in a people's court.”
第二百一十八條 對公證機關(guān)依法賦予強制執(zhí)行效力的債權(quán)文書，一方當(dāng)事人不履行的，對方當(dāng)事人可以向有管轄權(quán)的人民法院申請執(zhí)行，受申請的人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)執(zhí)行。
“Article 218 If a party fails to comply with a document evidencing the
creditor's rights made enforceable according to the law by a notary office， the
other party may apply to the people's court which has jurisdiction over the case
for execution. The people's court applied to shall enforce such document.”
公證債權(quán)文書確有錯誤的，人民法院裁定不予執(zhí)行，并將裁定書送達雙方當(dāng)事人和公證機關(guān)。
“If the people's court finds definite error in the document of creditor's
rights， it shall make an order not to allow the execution and serve the order on
both parties concerned as well as the notary office.”
第二百一十九條 申請執(zhí)行的期限，雙方或者一方當(dāng)事人是公民的為一年，雙方是法人或者其他組織的為六個月。
“Article 219 The time limit for the submission of an application for execution
shall be one year， if both or one of the parties are citizens； it shall be six
months if both parties are legal persons or other organizations.”
前款規(guī)定的期限，從法律文書規(guī)定履行期間的最后一日起計算；
The above-mentioned time limit shall be calculated from the last day of the
period of performance specified by the legal document.
法律文書規(guī)定分期履行的，從規(guī)定的每次履行期間的最后一日起計算。
“If the legal document specifies performance in stages， the time limit shall
be calculated from the last day of the period specified for each stage of
performance.”
第二百二十條 執(zhí)行員接到申請執(zhí)行書或者移交執(zhí)行書，應(yīng)當(dāng)向被執(zhí)行人發(fā)出執(zhí)行通知，責(zé)令其在指定的期間履行，逾期不履行的，強制執(zhí)行。
“Article 220 The execution officer shall， after receiving the application for
execution or the writ of referral directing execution， send an execution notice
to the person subjected to execution， instructing him to comply within the
specified time. If the person fails to comply accordingly， compulsory execution
shall be carried out.”
第二十二章 執(zhí)行措施Chapter XXII Execution Measures
第二百二十一條
被執(zhí)行人未按執(zhí)行通知履行法律文書確定的義務(wù)，人民法院有權(quán)向銀行、信用合作社和其他有儲蓄業(yè)務(wù)的單位查詢被執(zhí)行人的存款情況，有權(quán)凍結(jié)、劃撥被執(zhí)行人的存款，“Article
221 If the person subjected to execution fails to fulfil according to the
execution notice the obligations specified in the legal document， the people's
court shall be empowered to make inquiries with banks， credit cooperatives or
other units that deal with savings deposit into the deposit accounts of the
person subjected to execution， and shall be empowered to freeze or transfer his
deposits； ”
但查詢、凍結(jié)、劃撥存款不得超出被執(zhí)行人應(yīng)當(dāng)履行義務(wù)的范圍。
“however， the inquiries， freezing or transfer of the deposits shall not exceed
the scope of the obligations to be fulfilled by the person subjected to
execution.”
人民法院決定凍結(jié)、劃撥存款，應(yīng)當(dāng)作出裁定，并發(fā)出協(xié)助執(zhí)行通知書，“The people's court shall， in deciding to
freeze or transfer a deposit， make a written order and issue a notice for
assistance in execution.”
銀行、信用合作社和其他有儲蓄業(yè)務(wù)的單位必須辦理。
“Banks， credit cooperatives or other units that deal with savings deposit must
comply with it.”
第二百二十二條 被執(zhí)行人未按執(zhí)行通知履行法律文書確定的義務(wù)，人民法院有權(quán)扣留、提取被執(zhí)行人應(yīng)當(dāng)履行義務(wù)部分的收入。
“Article 222 If the person subjected to execution fails to fulfil according to
the execution notice the obligations specified in the legal document， the
people's court shall be empowered to withhold or withdraw part of the income of
the person subjected to execution， for the fulfilment of his obligations. ”
但應(yīng)當(dāng)保留被執(zhí)行人及其所扶養(yǎng)家屬的生活必需費用。
“However， it shall leave out the necessary living expenses for the person
subjected to execution and his dependant family members.”
人民法院扣留、提取收入時，應(yīng)當(dāng)作出裁定，并發(fā)出協(xié)助執(zhí)行通知書，被執(zhí)行人所在單位、銀行、信用合作社和其他有儲蓄業(yè)務(wù)的單位必須辦理。
“The people's court shall， when withholding or withdrawing the income， make a
written order and issue a notice for assistance in execution. The unit in which
the person subjected to execution works， banks， credit cooperatives or other
units that deal with savings deposit must comply with the notice.”
第二百二十三條 被執(zhí)行人未按執(zhí)行通知履行法律文書確定的義務(wù)，人民法院有權(quán)查封、扣押、凍結(jié)、拍賣、變賣被執(zhí)行人應(yīng)當(dāng)履行義務(wù)部分的財產(chǎn)。
“Article 223 If the person subjected to execution fails to fulfil according to
the execution notice the obligations specified in the legal document， the
people's court shall be empowered to seal up， distrain， freeze， sell by public
auction， or sell off part of the property of the person subjected to execution
for the fulfilment of his obligations.”
但應(yīng)當(dāng)保留被執(zhí)行人及其所扶養(yǎng)家屬的生活必需品。
“ However， it shall leave out the necessaries of life for the person subjected
to execution and his dependant family members.”
采取前款措施，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)作出裁定。
The people's court shall make an order for the adoption of the measures
specified in the preceding paragraph.
第二百二十四條 人民法院查封、扣押財產(chǎn)時，被執(zhí)行人是公民的，應(yīng)當(dāng)通知被執(zhí)行人或者他的成年家屬到場；
“Article 224 When the people's court seals up or distrains a property， it
shall， if the person subjected to execution is a citizen， notify him or an adult
member of his family to appear on the scene； ”
被執(zhí)行人是法人或者其他組織的，應(yīng)當(dāng)通知其法定代表人或者主要負責(zé)人到場。
“if the party subjected to execution is a legal person or any other
organization， it shall notify its legal representatives or its principal heads
to be present. ”
拒不到場的，不影響執(zhí)行。
Their refusal to appear on the scene shall not hinder the execution.
被執(zhí)行人是公民的，其工作單位或者財產(chǎn)所在地的基層組織應(yīng)當(dāng)派人參加。
“If the person subjected to execution is a citizen， his unit or the
grass-roots organization of the place where his property is located shall send a
representative to attend the execution.”
對被查封、扣押的財產(chǎn)，執(zhí)行員必須造具清單，由在場人簽名或者蓋章后，交被執(zhí)行人一份。
“An inventory of the sealed-up or distrained property must be made by the
execution officer and， after the inventory has been signed or sealed by the
persons on the scene， a copy of it shall be given to the person subjected to
execution. ”
被執(zhí)行人是公民的，也可以交他的成年家屬一份。
“If the person subjected to execution is a citizen， another copy may be given
to an adult member of his family.”
第二百二十五條 被查封的財產(chǎn)，執(zhí)行員可以指定被執(zhí)行人負責(zé)保管。因被執(zhí)行人的過錯造成的損失，由被執(zhí)行人承擔(dān)。
“Article 225 The execution officer may commit the sealed-up property to the
person subjected to execution for safekeeping， and the person shall be held
responsible for any losses incurred due to his fault.”
第二百二十六條 財產(chǎn)被查封、扣押后，執(zhí)行員應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)令被執(zhí)行人在指定期間履行法律文書確定的義務(wù)。
“Article 226 After a property has been sealed up or distrained， the execution
officer shall instruct the person subjected to execution to fulfil， within the
prescribed period， the obligations specified in the legal document. ”
被執(zhí)行人逾期不履行的，人民法院可以按照規(guī)定交有關(guān)單位拍賣或者變賣被查封、扣押的財產(chǎn)。
“If the person has not fulfilled his obligations upon expiration of the
period， the people's court may， in accordance with the relevant legal
provisions， entrust the relevant units with selling by public auction or selling
off the sealed-up or distrained property. ”
國家禁止自由買賣的物品，交有關(guān)單位按照國家規(guī)定的價格收購。
Articles which are prohibited from free trading by the State shall be
delivered to and purchased by the relevant units at the price fixed by the
State.
第二百二十七條 被執(zhí)行人不履行法律文書確定的義務(wù)，并隱匿財產(chǎn)的，人民法院有權(quán)發(fā)出搜查令，對被執(zhí)行人及其住所或者財產(chǎn)隱匿地進行搜查。
“Article 227 If the person subjected to execution fails to fulfil his
obligations specified in the legal document and conceals his property， the
people's court shall be empowered to issue a search warrant and search him and
his domicile or the place where the property was concealed.”
采取前款措施，由院長簽發(fā)搜查令。
“In adopting the measure mentioned in the preceding paragraph， the president
of the people's court shall sign and issue the search warrant.”
第二百二十八條 法律文書指定交付的財物或者票證，由執(zhí)行員傳喚雙方當(dāng)事人當(dāng)面交付，或者由執(zhí)行員轉(zhuǎn)交，并由被交付人簽收。
“Article 228 With respect to the property or negotiable instruments specified
for delivery in the legal document， the execution officer shall summon both
parties concerned and deliver them in their presence or the execution officer
may forward them to the recipient， who shall sign and give a receipt.”
有關(guān)單位持有該項財物或者票證的，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)人民法院的協(xié)助執(zhí)行通知書轉(zhuǎn)交，并由被交付人簽收。
“Any unit concerned that has in possession the property or negotiable
instruments shall turn them over to the recipient in accordance with the notice
of the people's court for assistance in execution， and the recipient shall sign
and give a receipt.”
有關(guān)公民持有該項財物或者票證的，人民法院通知其交出。
“If any citizen concerned has in possession the property or negotiable
instruments， the people's court shall notify him to hand them over.”
拒不交出的，強制執(zhí)行。
“ If he refuses to do so， compulsory execution shall be carried out.”
第二百二十九條 強制遷出房屋或者強制退出土地，由院長簽發(fā)公告，責(zé)令被執(zhí)行人在指定期間履行。
“Article 229 Compulsory eviction from a building or a plot of land shall
require a public notice signed and issued by the president of a people's court，
instructing the person subjected to execution to comply within a specified
period of time.”
被執(zhí)行人逾期不履行的，由執(zhí)行員強制執(zhí)行。
“ If the person subjected to execution fails to do so upon the expiration of
the period， compulsory execution shall be carried out by the execution officer.”
強制執(zhí)行時，被執(zhí)行人是公民的，應(yīng)當(dāng)通知被執(zhí)行人或者他的成年家屬到場；
“When compulsory execution is being carried out， if the person subjected to
execution is a citizen， the person or an adult member of his family shall be
notified to be present； ”
被執(zhí)行人是法人或者其他組織的，應(yīng)當(dāng)通知其法定代表人或者主要負責(zé)人到場。
“if the party subjected to execution is a legal person or any other
organization， its legal representatives or principal heads shall be notified to
be present； ”
拒不到場的，不影響執(zhí)行。
their refusal to be present shall not hinder the execution.
被執(zhí)行人是公民的，其工作單位或者房屋、土地所在地的基層組織應(yīng)當(dāng)派人參加。
“ If the person subjected to execution is a citizen， his work unit or the
grass-roots organization in the locality of the building or the plot of land
shall send a representative for attendance.”
執(zhí)行員應(yīng)當(dāng)將強制執(zhí)行情況記入筆錄，由在場人簽名或者蓋章。
“The execution officer shall make a record of the particulars of the
compulsory execution， with the signatures or seals of the persons on the scene
affixed to it.”
強制遷出房屋被搬出的財物，由人民法院派人運至指定處所，交給被執(zhí)行人。被執(zhí)行人是公民的，也可以交給他的成年家屬。因拒絕接收而造成的損失，由被執(zhí)行人承擔(dān)。
“The people's court shall assign personnel to transport the property removed
in a compulsory eviction from a building to a designated location and turn it
over to the person subjected to execution or， if the person is a citizen， to an
adult member of his family； if any loss is incurred due to such person's refusal
to accept the property， the loss shall be borne by the person subjected to
execution.”
第二百三十條 在執(zhí)行中，需要辦理有關(guān)財產(chǎn)權(quán)證照轉(zhuǎn)移手續(xù)的，人民法院可以向有關(guān)單位發(fā)出協(xié)助執(zhí)行通知書，有關(guān)單位必須辦理。
“Article 230 In the course of execution， if certain formalities for the
transfer of certificates of property right need to be gone through， the people's
court may issue a notice for assistance in execution to the relevant units， and
they must comply with it.”
第二百三十一條 對判決、裁定和其他法律文書指定的行為，被執(zhí)行人未按執(zhí)行通知履行的，人民法院可以強制執(zhí)行或者委托有關(guān)單位或者其他人完成，費用由被執(zhí)行人承擔(dān)。
“Article 231 If the person subjected to execution fails to perform acts
specified in a judgement or written order or any other legal document according
to the execution notice， the people's court may carry out compulsory execution
or entrust the task to a relevant unit or other persons， and the person
subjected to execution shall bear the expenses thus incurred.”
第二百三十二條
被執(zhí)行人未按判決、裁定和其他法律文書指定的期間履行給付金錢義務(wù)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)加倍支付遲延履行期間的債務(wù)利息。被執(zhí)行人未按判決、裁定和其他法律文書指定的期間履行其他義務(wù)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)支付遲延履行金。
“Article 232 If the person subjected to execution fails to fulfil his
obligations with respect to pecuniary payment within the period specified by a
judgment or written order or any other legal document， he shall pay double
interest on the debt for the belated payment. If the person subjected to
execution fails to fulfil his other obligations within the period specified in
the judgment or written order or any other legal document， he shall pay a charge
for the dilatory fulfilment.”
第二百三十三條 人民法院采取本法第二百二十一條、第二百二十二條、第二百二十三條規(guī)定的執(zhí)行措施后，被執(zhí)行人仍不能償還債務(wù)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)繼續(xù)履行義務(wù)。
“Article 233 After the adoption of the execution measures stipulated in
Articles 221， 222 and 223 of this Law， if the person subjected to execution is
still unable to repay the debts， he shall continue to fulfil his obligations.”
債權(quán)人發(fā)現(xiàn)被執(zhí)行人有其他財產(chǎn)的，可以隨時請求人民法院執(zhí)行。
“If the creditor finds that the person subjected to execution has any other
property， he may at any time apply to the people's court for execution.”
第二十三章 執(zhí)行中止和終結(jié)Chapter XXIII Suspension and Termination of Execution
第二百三十四條 有下列情形之一的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)裁定中止執(zhí)行：
Article 234 The people's court shall make a written order to suspend execution
under any of the following circumstances：
（一）申請人表示可以延期執(zhí)行的；
（1） the applicant indicates that the execution may be postponed；
?。ǘ┌竿馊藢?zhí)行標的提出確有理由的異議的；
?。?） an outsider raises an obviously reasonable objection to the object of the
execution；
?。ㄈ┳鳛橐环疆?dāng)事人的公民死亡，需要等待繼承人繼承權(quán)利或者承擔(dān)義務(wù)的；
?。?） a citizen as one of the parties dies and it is necessary to wait for the
successor to inherit the rights of the deceased or to succeed to his
obligations；
?。ㄋ模┳鳛橐环疆?dāng)事人的法人或者其他組織終止，尚未確定權(quán)利義務(wù)承受人的；
“ （4） a legal person or any other organization as one of the parties
dissolves， and the party succeeding to its rights and obligations has not been
determined；”
?。ㄎ澹┤嗣穹ㄔ赫J為應(yīng)當(dāng)中止執(zhí)行的其他情形。
or （5） other circumstances occur under which the people's court deems the
suspension of execution necessary.
中止的情形消失后，恢復(fù)執(zhí)行。
Execution shall be resumed when the circumstances warranting the suspension of
execution have disappeared.
第二百三十五條 有下列情形之一的，人民法院裁定終結(jié)執(zhí)行：
Article 235 The people's court shall make a written order to terminate
execution under any of the following circumstances：
?。ㄒ唬┥暾埲顺蜂N申請的；
?。?） the applicant has withdrawn his application；
?。ǘ?jù)以執(zhí)行的法律文書被撤銷的；
?。?） the legal document on which the execution is based has been revoked；
（三）作為被執(zhí)行人的公民死亡，無遺產(chǎn)可供執(zhí)行，又無義務(wù)承擔(dān)人的；
“（3） the citizen subjected to execution dies and there is no estate that may
be subjected to execution， nor anyone to succeed to his obligations； ”
（四）追索贍養(yǎng)費、扶養(yǎng)費、撫育費案件的權(quán)利人死亡的；
?。?） the person entitled to claim alimony or support for elders or children
dies；
（五）作為被執(zhí)行人的公民因生活困難無力償還借款，無收入來源，又喪失勞動能力的；
“（5） the citizen subjected to execution is too badly off to repay his debts，
has no source of income and has lost his ability to work as well； ”
?。┤嗣穹ㄔ赫J為應(yīng)當(dāng)終結(jié)執(zhí)行的其他情形。
or （6） other circumstances occur under which the people's court deems the
termination of execution necessary.
第二百三十六條 中止和終結(jié)執(zhí)行的裁定，送達當(dāng)事人后立即生效。
Article 236 A written order to suspend or terminate execution shall become
effective immediately after being served on the parties concerned.
第四編 涉外民事訴訟程序的特別規(guī)定 第二十四章 一般原則PART FOUR SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR CIVIL PROCEDURE
OF CASES INVO-LVIN G FOREIGN ELEMENT Chapter XXIV General Principles
第二百三十七條 在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)進行涉外民事訴訟，適用本編規(guī)定。
Article 237 The provisions of this Part shall be applicable to civil
proceedings within the territory of the People's Republic of China in regard to
cases involving foreign element.
本編沒有規(guī)定的，適用本法其他有關(guān)規(guī)定。
“Where it is not covered by the provisions of this Part， other relevant
provisions of this Law shall apply.”
第二百三十八條 中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者參加的國際條約同本法有不同規(guī)定的，適用該國際條約的規(guī)定，但中華人民共和國聲明保留的條款除外。
“Article 238 If an international treaty concluded or acceded to by the
People's Republic of China contains provisions that differ from provisions of
this Law， the provisions of the international treaty shall apply， except those
on which China has made reservations.”
第二百三十九條
對享有外交特權(quán)與豁免的外國人、外國組織或者國際組織提起的民事訴訟，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照中華人民共和國有關(guān)法律和中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者參加的國際條約的規(guī)定辦理。
“Article 239 Civil actions brought against a foreign national， a foreign
organization or an international organization that enjoys diplomatic privileges
and immunities shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant law of the
People's Republic of China and the provisions of the international treaties
concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China.”
第二百四十條 人民法院審理涉外民事案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)使用中華人民共和國通用的語言、文字。當(dāng)事人要求提供翻譯的，可以提供，費用由當(dāng)事人承擔(dān)。
“Article 240 The people's court shall conduct trials of civil cases involving
foreign element in the spoken and written language commonly used in the People's
Republic of China. Translation may be provided at the request of the parties
concerned， and the expenses shall be borne by them.”
第二百四十一條 外國人、無國籍人、外國企業(yè)和組織在人民法院起訴、應(yīng)訴，需要委托律師代理訴訟的，必須委托中華人民共和國的律師。
“Article 241 When foreign nationals， stateless persons or foreign enterprises
and organizations need lawyers as agents ad litem to bring an action or enter
appearance on their behalf in the people's court， they must appoint lawyers of
the People's Republic of China.”
第二百四十二條
在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)沒有住所的外國人、無國籍人、外國企業(yè)和組織委托中華人民共和國律師或者其他人代理訴訟，從中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域外寄交或者托交的授權(quán)委托書，應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)所在國公證機關(guān)證明，并經(jīng)中華人民共和國駐該國使領(lǐng)館認證，或者履行中華人民共和國與該所在國訂立的有關(guān)條約中規(guī)定的證明手續(xù)后，才具有效力。
“Article 242 Any power of attorney mailed or forwarded by other means from
outside the territory of the People's Republic of China by a foreign national，
stateless person or a foreign enterprise and organization that has no domicile
in the People's Republic of China for the appointment of a lawyer or any other
person of the People's Republic of China as an agent ad litem must be notarized
by a notarial office in the country of domicile and authenticated by the Chinese
embassy or consulate accredited to that country or， for the purpose of
verification， must go through the formalities stipulated in the relevant
bilateral treaties between China and that country before it becomes effective.”
第二十五章 管 轄Chapter XXV Jurisdiction
第二百四十三條
因合同糾紛或者其他財產(chǎn)權(quán)益糾紛，對在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)沒有住所的被告提起的訴訟，如果合同在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)簽訂或者履行，或者訴訟標的物在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，或者被告在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)有可供扣押的財產(chǎn)，或者被告在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)設(shè)有代表機構(gòu)，可以由合同簽訂地、合同履行地、訴訟標的物所在地、可供扣押財產(chǎn)所在地、侵權(quán)行為地或者代表機構(gòu)住所地人民法院管轄。
“Article 243 In the case of an action concerning a contract dispute or other
disputes over property rights and interests， brought against a defendant who has
no domicile within the territory of the People's Republic of China， if the
contract is signed or performed within the territory of the People's Republic of
China， or if the object of the action is located within the territory of the
People's Republic of China， or if the defendant has distrainable property within
the territory of the People's Republic of China， or if the defendant has its
representative office within the territory of the People's Republic of China，
the people's court of the place where the contract is signed or performed， or
where the object of the action is， or where the defendant's distrainable
property is located， or where the torts are done， or where the defendant's
representative office is located， shall have jurisdiction.”
第二百四十四條
涉外合同或者涉外財產(chǎn)權(quán)益糾紛的當(dāng)事人，可以用書面協(xié)議選擇與爭議有實際聯(lián)系的地點的法院管轄。選擇中華人民共和國人民法院管轄的，不得違反本法關(guān)于級別管轄和專屬管轄的規(guī)定。
“Article 244 Parties to a dispute over a contract concluded with foreign
element or over property rights and interests involving foreign element may，
through written agreement， choose the court of the place which has practical
connections with the dispute to exercise jurisdiction. If a people's court of
the People's Republic of China is chosen to exercise jurisdiction， the
provisions of this Law on jurisdiction by forum level and on exclusive
jurisdiction shall not be violated.”
第二百四十五條 涉外民事訴訟的被告對人民法院管轄不提出異議，并應(yīng)訴答辯的，視為承認該人民法院為有管轄權(quán)的法院。
“Article 245 If in a civil action in respect of a case involving foreign
element， the defendant raises no objection to the jurisdiction of a people's
court and responds to the action by making his defence， he shall be deemed to
have accepted that this people's court has jurisdiction over the case.”
第二百四十六條
因在中華人民共和國履行中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè)合同、中外合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)合同、中外合作勘探開發(fā)自然資源合同發(fā)生糾紛提起的訴訟，由中華人民共和國人民法院管轄。
“Article 246 Actions brought on disputes arising from the performance of
contracts for Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures， or Chinese-foreign
contractual joint ventures， or Chinese-foreign cooperative exploration and
development of the natural resources in the People's Republic of China shall
fall under the jurisdiction of the people's courts of the People's Republic of
China.”
第二十六章 送達、期間Chapter XXVI Service and Time Periods
第二百四十七條 人民法院對在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)沒有住所的當(dāng)事人送達訴訟文書，可以采用下列方式：
Article 247 A people's court may serve litigation documents on a party who has
no domicile within the territory of the People's Republic of China in the
following ways：
（一）依照受送達人所在國與中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者共同參加的國際條約中規(guī)定的方式送達；
?。?） in the way specified in the international treaties concluded or acceded to
by both the People's Republic of China and the country where the person on whom
service is to be made resides；
?。ǘ┩ㄟ^外交途徑送達；
?。?） by making the service through diplomatic channels；
?。ㄈ哂兄腥A人民共和國國籍的受送達人，可以委托中華人民共和國駐受送達人所在國的使領(lǐng)館代為送達；
“（3） with respect to the person on whom the service is to be made and who is
of the nationality of the People's Republic of China， service may be entrusted
to the embassy or consulate of the People's Republic of China accredited to the
country where the person resides；”
?。ㄋ模┫蚴芩瓦_人委托的有權(quán)代其接受送達的訴訟代理人送達；
?。?） by making the service on the agent ad litem who is authorized to receive
the documents served；
?。ㄎ澹┫蚴芩瓦_人在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)設(shè)立的代表機構(gòu)或者有權(quán)接受送達的分支機構(gòu)、業(yè)務(wù)代辦人送達；
?。?） by serving the documents on the representative office established in the
People's Republic of China by the person on whom the service is to be made or on
his branch office or business agents there who have the right to receive the
documents；
?。┦芩瓦_人所在國的法律允許郵寄送達的，可以郵寄送達，自郵寄之日起滿六個月，送達回證沒有退回，但根據(jù)各種情況足以認定已經(jīng)送達的，期間屆滿之日視為送達；
“（6） by making service by mail if the law of the country where the person on
whom the service is to be made resides so permits； in the event that the receipt
of delivery is not returned six months after the date on which the documents
were mailed， and that circumstances justify the assumption that service has been
made， the service shall be deemed completed upon the expiration of the said time
period； ”
?。ㄆ撸┎荒苡蒙鲜龇绞剿瓦_的，公告送達，自公告之日起滿六個月，即視為送達。
“and （7） by making service by public notice， if none of the above-mentioned
methods can be employed. The service shall be deemed completed six months after
the date on which the public notice was issued.”
第二百四十八條 被告在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)沒有住所的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)將起訴狀副本送達被告，并通知被告在收到起訴狀副本后三十日內(nèi)提出答辯狀。
“Article 248 If a defendant has no domicile within the territory of the
People's Republic of China， the people's court shall serve a copy of the
statement of complaint on the defendant and notify him to submit his defence
within 30 days after he receives the copy of the statement of complaint.”
被告申請延期的，是否準許，由人民法院決定。
Extension of the period requested by the defendant shall be at the discretion
of the people's court.
第二百四十九條
在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)沒有住所的當(dāng)事人，不服第一審人民法院判決、裁定的，有權(quán)在判決書、裁定書送達之日起三十日內(nèi)提起上訴。被上訴人在收到上訴狀副本后，應(yīng)當(dāng)在三十日內(nèi)提出答辯狀。當(dāng)事人不能在法定期間提起上訴或者提出答辯狀，申請延期的，是否準許，由人民法院決定。
“Article 249 If a party who has no domicile within the territory of the
People's Republic of China is not satisfied with a judgment or written order
made by a people's court of first instance， he shall have the right to file an
appeal within 30 days from the date the written judgment or order is served. The
appellee shall submit his defence within 30 days after receipt of a copy of the
appeal petition. If a party who is unable to file an appeal or submit a defence
within the period prescribed by the law requests an extension of the period， the
people's court shall decide whether to grant it.”
第二百五十條 人民法院審理涉外民事案件的期間，不受本法第一百三十五條、第一百五十九條規(guī)定的限制。
Article 250 The period for the trials of civil cases involving foreign element
by the people's court shall not be restricted by the provisions of Articles 135
and 159 of this Law.
第二十七章 財產(chǎn)保全Chapter XXVII Property Preservation
第二百五十一條 當(dāng)事人依照本法第九十二條的規(guī)定可以向人民法院申請財產(chǎn)保全。
“Article 251 The parties to an action may， in accordance with the provisions
of Article 92 of this Law， apply to the people's court for property
preservation.”
利害關(guān)系人依照本法第九十三條的規(guī)定可以在起訴前向人民法院申請財產(chǎn)保全。
“Interested parties may， in accordance with the provisions of Article 93 of
this Law， apply to the people's court for property preservation before an action
is brought.”
第二百五十二條 人民法院裁定準許訴前財產(chǎn)保全后，申請人應(yīng)當(dāng)在三十日內(nèi)提起訴訟。
“Article 252 After a people's court makes an order granting property
preservation before litigation， the applicant shall bring an action within 30
days. ”
逾期不起訴的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)解除財產(chǎn)保全。
“If he fails to bring the action within the period， the people's court shall
cancel the property preservation.”
第二百五十三條 人民法院裁定準許財產(chǎn)保全后，被申請人提供擔(dān)保的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)解除財產(chǎn)保全。
“Article 253 After the people's court makes an order granting property
preservation， if the party against whom the application is made provides a
guaranty， the people's court shall cancel the property preservation.”
第二百五十四條 申請有錯誤的，申請人應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償被申請人因財產(chǎn)保全所遭受的損失。
“Article 254 If the application is wrongfully made， the applicant shall
compensate the party against whom the application is made for losses incurred
from the property preservation.”
第二百五十五條 人民法院決定保全的財產(chǎn)需要監(jiān)督的，應(yīng)當(dāng)通知有關(guān)單位負責(zé)監(jiān)督，費用由被申請人承擔(dān)。
“Article 255 If the property to be preserved by a people's court needs
supervision， the court shall notify the unit concerned to be responsible for the
supervision， and the party against whom the application is made shall bear the
expenses.”
第二百五十六條 人民法院解除保全的命令由執(zhí)行員執(zhí)行。
Article 256 The order to cancel the preservation issued by a people's court
shall be carried out by an execution officer.
第二十八章 仲 裁Chapter XXVIII Arbitration
第二百五十七條
涉外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易、運輸和海事中發(fā)生的糾紛，當(dāng)事人在合同中訂有仲裁條款或者事后達成書面仲裁協(xié)議，提交中華人民共和國涉外仲裁機構(gòu)或者其他仲裁機構(gòu)仲裁的，當(dāng)事人不得向人民法院起訴。
“Article 257 In the case of a dispute arising from the foreign economic，
trade， transport or maritime activities of China， if the parties have had an
arbitration clause in the contract concerned or have subsequently reached a
written arbitration agreement stipulating the submission of the dispute for
arbitration to an arbitral organ in the People's Republic of China handling
cases involving foreign element， or to any other arbitral body， they may not
bring an action in a people's court. ”
當(dāng)事人在合同中沒有訂有仲裁條款或者事后沒有達成書面仲裁協(xié)議的，可以向人民法院起訴。
“If the parties have not had an arbitration clause in the contract concerned
or have not subsequently reached a written arbitration agreement， they may bring
an action in a people's court.”
第二百五十八條 當(dāng)事人申請采取財產(chǎn)保全的，中華人民共和國的涉外仲裁機構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)將當(dāng)事人的申請，提交被申請人住所地或者財產(chǎn)所在地的中級人民法院裁定。
“Article 258 If a party has applied for property preservation measures， the
arbitral organ of the People's Republic of China handling cases involving
foreign element shall refer the party's application for a decision to the
intermediate people's court of the place where the party against whom the
application is made has his domicile or where his property is located.”
第二百五十九條 經(jīng)中華人民共和國涉外仲裁機構(gòu)裁決的，當(dāng)事人不得向人民法院起訴。
“Article 259 In a case in which an award has been made by an arbitral organ of
the People's Republic of China handling cases involving foreign element， the
parties may not bring an action in a people's court. ”
一方當(dāng)事人不履行仲裁裁決的，對方當(dāng)事人可以向被申請人住所地或者財產(chǎn)所在地的中級人民法院申請執(zhí)行。
“If one party fails to comply with the arbitral award， the other party may
apply for its enforcement to the intermediate people's court of the place where
the party against whom the application for enforcement is made has his domicile
or where his property is located.”
第二百六十條 對中華人民共和國涉外仲裁機構(gòu)作出的裁決，被申請人提出證據(jù)證明仲裁裁決有下列情形之一的，經(jīng)人民法院組成合議庭審查核實，裁定不予執(zhí)行：
“Article 260 A people's court shall， after examination and verification by a
collegial panel of the court， make a written order not to allow the enforcement
of the award rendered by an arbitral organ of the People's Republic of China
handling cases involving foreign element， if the party against whom the
application for enforcement is made furnishes proof that： ”
?。ㄒ唬┊?dāng)事人在合同中沒有訂有仲裁條款或者事后沒有達成書面仲裁協(xié)議的；
?。?） the parties have not had an arbitration clause in the contract or have not
subsequently reached a written arbitration agreement；
?。ǘ┍簧暾埲藳]有得到指定仲裁員或者進行仲裁程序的通知，或者由于其他不屬于被申請人負責(zé)的原因未能陳述意見的；
?。?） the party against whom the application for enforcement is made was not
given notice for the appointment of an arbitrator or for the inception of the
arbitration proceedings or was unable to present his case due to causes for
which he is not responsible；
（三）仲裁庭的組成或者仲裁的程序與仲裁規(guī)則不符的；
?。?） the composition of the arbitration tribunal or the procedure for
arbitration was not in conformity with the rules of arbitration；
?。ㄋ模┎脹Q的事項不屬于仲裁協(xié)議的范圍或者仲裁機構(gòu)無權(quán)仲裁的。
or （4） the matters dealt with by the award fall outside the scope of the
arbitration agreement or which the arbitral organ was not empowered to
arbitrate.
人民法院認定執(zhí)行該裁決違背社會公共利益的，裁定不予執(zhí)行。
“If the people's court determines that the enforcement of the award goes
against the social and public interest of the country， the people's court shall
make a written order not to allow the enforcement of the arbitral award.”
第二百六十一條 仲裁裁決被人民法院裁定不予執(zhí)行的，當(dāng)事人可以根據(jù)雙方達成的書面仲裁協(xié)議重新申請仲裁，也可以向人民法院起訴。
“Article 261 If the enforcement of an arbitral award is disallowed by a
written order of a people's court， the parties may， in accordance with a written
arbitration agreement reached between them， apply for arbitration again； they
may also bring an action in a people's court.”
第二十九章 司法協(xié)助Chapter XXIX Judicial Assistance
第二百六十二條 根據(jù)中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者參加的國際條約，或者按照互惠原則，人民法院和外國法院可以相互請求，代為送達文書、調(diào)查取證以及進行其他訴訟行為。
“Article 262 In accordance with the international treaties concluded or
acceded to by the People's Republic of China or with the principle of
reciprocity， the people's courts of China and foreign courts may make mutual
requests for assistance in the service of legal documents， in investigation and
collection of evidence or in other litigation actions.”
外國法院請求協(xié)助的事項有損于中華人民共和國的主權(quán)、安全或者社會公共利益的，人民法院不予執(zhí)行。
“The people's court shall not render the assistance requested by a foreign
court， if it impairs the sovereignty， security or social and public interest of
the People's Republic of China.”
第二百六十三條 請求和提供司法協(xié)助，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者參加的國際條約所規(guī)定的途徑進行；
Article 263 The request for the providing of judicial assistance shall be
effected through channels provided in the international treaties concluded or
acceded to by the People's Republic of China；
沒有條約關(guān)系的，通過外交途徑進行。
“in the absence of such treaties， they shall be effected through diplomatic
channels.”
外國駐中華人民共和國的使領(lǐng)館可以向該國公民送達文書和調(diào)查取證，但不得違反中華人民共和國的法律，并不得采取強制措施。
“A foreign embassy or consulate accredited to the People's Republic of China
may serve documents on its citizens and make investigations and collect evidence
among them， provided that the laws of the People's Republic of China are not
violated and no compulsory measures are taken.”
除前款規(guī)定的情況外，未經(jīng)中華人民共和國主管機關(guān)準許，任何外國機關(guān)或者個人不得在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)送達文書、調(diào)查取證。
“Except for the conditions provided in the preceding paragraph， no foreign
organization or individual may， without the consent of the competent authorities
of the People's Republic of China， serve documents or make investigations and
collect evidence within the territory of the People's Republic of China.”
第二百六十四條 外國法院請求人民法院提供司法協(xié)助的請求書及其所附文件，應(yīng)當(dāng)附有中文譯本或者國際條約規(guī)定的其他文字文本。
Article 264 The letter of request for judicial assistance and its annexes sent
by a foreign court to a people's court shall be appended with a Chinese
translation or a text in any other language or languages specified in the
relevant international treaties.
人民法院請求外國法院提供司法協(xié)助的請求書及其所附文件，應(yīng)當(dāng)附有該國文字譯本或者國際條約規(guī)定的其他文字文本。
The letter of request and its annexes sent to a foreign court by a people's
court for judicial assistance shall be appended with a translation in the
language of that country or a text in any other language or languages specified
in the relevant international treaties.
第二百六十五條 人民法院提供司法協(xié)助，依照中華人民共和國法律規(guī)定的程序進行。
Article 265 The judicial assistance provided by the people's courts shall be
rendered in accordance with the procedure prescribed by the laws of the People's
Republic of China.
外國法院請求采用特殊方式的，也可以按照其請求的特殊方式進行，但請求采用的特殊方式不得違反中華人民共和國法律。
“If a special form of judicial assistance is requested by a foreign court， it
may also be rendered， provided that the special form requested does not
contradict the laws of the People's Republic of China.”
第二百六十六條
人民法院作出的發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，如果被執(zhí)行人或者其財產(chǎn)不在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，當(dāng)事人請求執(zhí)行的，可以由當(dāng)事人直接向有管轄權(quán)的外國法院申請承認和執(zhí)行，“Article
266 If a party applies for enforcement of a legally effective judgment or
written order made by a people's court， and the opposite party or his property
is not within the territory of the People's Republic of China， the applicant may
directly apply for recognition and enforcement to the foreign court which has
jurisdiction. ”
也可以由人民法院依照中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者參加的國際條約的規(guī)定，或者按照互惠原則，請求外國法院承認和執(zhí)行。
“The people's court may also， in accordance with the relevant provisions of
the international treaties concluded or acceded to by China， or with the
principle of reciprocity， request recognition and enforcement by the foreign
court.”
中華人民共和國涉外仲裁機構(gòu)作出的發(fā)生法律效力的仲裁裁決，當(dāng)事人請求執(zhí)行的，如果被執(zhí)行人或者其財產(chǎn)不在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，應(yīng)當(dāng)由當(dāng)事人直接向有管轄權(quán)的外國法院申請承認和執(zhí)行。
“If a party applies for enforcement of a legally effective arbitral award made
by an arbitral organ in the People's Republic of China handling cases involving
foreign element and the opposite party or his property is not within the
territory of the People's Republic of China， he may directly apply for
recognition and enforcement of the award to the foreign court which has
jurisdiction.”
第二百六十七條
外國法院作出的發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，需要中華人民共和國人民法院承認和執(zhí)行的，可以由當(dāng)事人直接向中華人民共和國有管轄權(quán)的中級人民法院申請承認和執(zhí)行，“Article
267 If a legally effective judgment or written order made by a foreign court
requires recognition and enforcement by a people's court of the People's
Republic of China， the party concerned may directly apply for recognition and
enforcement to the intermediate people's court of the People's Republic of China
which has jurisdiction.”
也可以由外國法院依照該國與中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者參加的國際條約的規(guī)定，或者按照互惠原則，請求人民法院承認和執(zhí)行。
“ The foreign court may also， in accordance with the provisions of the
international treaties concluded or acceded to by that foreign country and the
People's Republic of China or with the principle of reciprocity， request
recognition and enforcement by a people's court.”
第二百六十八條
人民法院對申請或者請求承認和執(zhí)行的外國法院作出的發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，依照中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者參加的國際條約，或者按照互惠原則進行審查后，認為不違反中華人民共和國法律的基本原則或者國家主權(quán)、安全、社會公共利益的，裁定承認其效力，需要執(zhí)行的，發(fā)出執(zhí)行令，依照本法的有關(guān)規(guī)定執(zhí)行。
“Article 268 In the case of an application or request for recognition and
enforcement of a legally effective judgment or written order of a foreign court，
the people's court shall， after examining it in accordance with the
international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China
or with the principle of reciprocity and arriving at the conclusion that it does
not contradict the basic principles of the law of the People's Republic of China
nor violates State sovereignty， security and social and public interest of the
country， recognize the validity of the judgment or written order， and， if
required， issue a writ of execution to enforce it in accordance with the
relevant provisions of this Law； ”
違反中華人民共和國法律的基本原則或者國家主權(quán)、安全、社會公共利益的，不予承認和執(zhí)行。
“if the application or request contradicts the basic principles of the law of
the People's Republic of China or violates State sovereignty， security and
social and public interest of the country， the people's court shall not
recognize and enforce it.”
第二百六十九條
國外仲裁機構(gòu)的裁決，需要中華人民共和國人民法院承認和執(zhí)行的，應(yīng)當(dāng)由當(dāng)事人直接向被執(zhí)行人住所地或者其財產(chǎn)所在地的中級人民法院申請，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)依照中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者參加的國際條約，或者按照互惠原則辦理。
“Article 269 If an award made by a foreign arbitral organ requires the
recognition and enforcement by a people's court of the People's Republic of
China， the party concerned shall directly apply to the intermediate people's
court of the place where the party subjected to enforcement has his domicile or
where his property is located. The people's court shall deal with the matter in
accordance with the international treaties concluded or acceded to by the
People's Republic of China or with the principle of reciprocity.”
第二百七十條 本法自公布之日起施行，《中華人民共和國民事訴訟法（試行）》同時廢止。
“Article 270 This Law shall come into force as of the date of promulgation，
and the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China （for Trial
Implementation） shall be abrogated simultaneously.”
希尼爾翻譯公司 2014-10-24
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